Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), a potent source of antioxidants in the diet, is characterized by remarkable genetic biodiversity, especially in fruit size and color. Horticultural practices and breeding efforts hold the potential to enhance antioxidant content in tomato fruit, but which antioxidants are most important? Lycopene content, total phenolic content, and radical scavenging capacity were examined in yellow, orange, red, and black-fruited tomato cultivars using lyophilized samples. Color was generally an accurate indicator of lycopene content, with a yellow cultivar containing less lycopene than red cultivars, and two of three red cultivars containing more than an orange cultivar. However, black cultivars as a group did not contain more lycopene than red. Tomato fruit harvested green-mature and exposed to 24 h light during ripening at 25°C in a growth cabinet had a higher lycopene concentration than green-mature fruit exposed for 8 h. 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity did not vary among different colored cultivars, and was no different in stored (2 yr) or freshly prepared lyophilized samples. Total phenolic concentration was higher in orange, red, and black fruited cultivars than in yellow. Total phenolic concentration was lower in lyophilized powder samples of orange, red, and black cultivar fruit stored for 2 yr at -20°C relative to freshly prepared samples. Neither lycopene nor total phenolic concentration was well correlated to antioxidant capacity. Key words: High performance liquid chromatography, photoperiod
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit color generally indicated lycopene content.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Colore0
- Outcome
- lycopene contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Color was generally an accurate indicator of lycopene content”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow cultivar fruit contained less lycopene than red cultivars.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- yellow cultivare0
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- red cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a yellow cultivar containing less lycopene than red cultivars”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two red cultivars contained more lycopene than an orange cultivar.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- red cultivarse0
- Outcome
- lycopenee1
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- orange cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two of three red cultivars containing more than an orange cultivar”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
e1“lycopene content, with a yellow cultivar”
Claim · model-written summary
Black cultivars did not contain more lycopene than red cultivars.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- black cultivarse0
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- did not contain moree0
- Comparator
- rede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black cultivars as a group did not contain more lycopene than red”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 24 hour ripening photoperiod increased lycopene relative to 8 hours.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 24 h lighte0
- Outcome
- lycopene concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at 25°Ce0
- Comparator
- 8 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato fruit harvested green-mature and exposed to 24 h light during ripening at 25°C in a growth cabinet had a higher lycopene concentration than green-mature fruit exposed for 8 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Radical scavenging activity did not vary among fruit color cultivars.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- different colored cultivarse0
- Outcome
- radical scavenging activitye0
- Direction
- did not varye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radical scavenging activity did not vary among different colored cultivars”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Radical scavenging activity did not differ between stored and fresh lyophilized samples.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- radical scavenging activitye1
- Direction
- no differente0
- Comparator
- freshly prepared lyophilized samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was no different in stored (2 yr) or freshly prepared lyophilized samples”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
e1“radical scavenging activity did not vary”
Claim · model-written summary
Orange, red and black fruit had more phenolics than yellow fruit.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- orange, red, and black fruited cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- yellowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic concentration was higher in orange, red, and black fruited cultivars than in yellow”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two year frozen storage reduced phenolics in orange, red and black fruit powder.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- stored for 2 yr at -20°Ce0
- Outcome
- Total phenolic concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- freshly prepared samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total phenolic concentration was lower in lyophilized powder samples of orange, red, and black cultivar fruit stored for 2 yr at -20°C relative to freshly prepared samples”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lycopene concentration was not well correlated with antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- lycopenee0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither lycopene nor total phenolic concentration was well correlated to antioxidant capacity”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic concentration was not well correlated with antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)Solanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- total phenolic concentratione0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither lycopene nor total phenolic concentration was well correlated to antioxidant capacity”
t0“Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)”
The same questions in other papers
light · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- no effect
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See all 56 papers →storage · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.