Abstract
In order to compare water-use efficiency of sole crops and intercrops, 2 experiments were conducted in 2 consecutive years with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on a loamy, Grossarenic Paleudult. In a randomized block, split-plot design, sorghum (SS), groundnut (GG), sorghum/groundnut intercrop (SG) were subjected to 4 replicates of 4 water managements as main treatments (trt): (1) Optimum irrigation, (2) deficit irrigation allowing stress on sorghum, or (3) on groundnut, (4) rainfed. All crops were seeded in rows at a density of 256000 (SS), 160000 (GG), 256000 + 160000 (SG, year 1), 157000+102000 (SG, year 2) plants/ha. Soil water status was monitored and ET calculated all over the growing seasons. Dry matter (DM) and grain yields (GY) were determined at physiological maturity for each crop. Sorghum GY was very high, ranging from 3.55 (trt 4) to 8.03 (trt 1) Mg/ha in sole crop, and from 2.71 to 6.27 Mg/ha in intercrop. Groundnut GY was very high in sole crop (3.76 to 6.54 Mg/ha), but was very depressed in intercrop (0.13 to 3.26 Mg/ha). Mean Total Land Equivalent Ratio (TLER) was 1.14 for DM and 1.11 for GY, showing a 14 and 11% advantages over sole cropping. But these advantages disappeared when the amount of water used was taken into account in the Total Land Water Use EquivalencyRatio (TLWUER). The overall mean TLWUER were 1.01(irrigation) and 0.99 (seasonal ET) for DM, 0.98 and 0.96 for GY, indicating no advantage of intercropping over sole cropping. Nevertheless, based on water use ratios, intercropping was more water use efficient than sole crops. The contrasting results between the TLER and TWUER may imply that the yield advantage of intercropping was not attributable to its overall improved water use ratio but rather to its higher seasonal water use.Key words: Intercropping, Biological efficiency, Water use efficiency, TLER, TLWUER
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum grain yield ranged from 3.55 to 8.03 Mg/ha in sole crop.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum GY was very high, ranging from 3.55 (trt 4) to 8.03 (trt 1) Mg/ha in sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum grain yield ranged from 2.71 to 6.27 Mg/ha in intercrop.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum GY was very high, ranging from 3.55 (trt 4) to 8.03 (trt 1) Mg/ha in sole crop, and from 2.71 to 6.27 Mg/ha in intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut grain yield ranged from 3.76 to 6.54 Mg/ha in sole crop.
- Taxon
- Groundnut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- GYe0
- Value
- 3.76 to 6.54 Mg/hae0
- Setting
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Groundnut GY was very high in sole crop (3.76 to 6.54 Mg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut grain yield was depressed to 0.13 to 3.26 Mg/ha in intercrop.
- Taxon
- GroundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- intercrope0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Value
- 0.13 to 3.26 Mg/hae0
- Comparator
- sole crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Groundnut GY was very high in sole crop (3.76 to 6.54 Mg/ha), but was very depressed in intercrop (0.13 to 3.26 Mg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping had a mean land equivalent ratio of 1.14 for dry matter, a 14% advantage over sole cropping.
- Treatment
- intercropt0
- Outcome
- TLERe0
- Direction
- advantagese0
- Value
- 1.14e0
- Qualifier
- 14e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean Total Land Equivalent Ratio (TLER) was 1.14 for DM and 1.11 for GY, showing a 14 and 11% advantages over sole cropping”
t0“sorghum-groundnut intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping had a mean land equivalent ratio of 1.11 for grain yield, an 11% advantage over sole cropping.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- intercropt0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- advantagese0
- Value
- 1.11e0
- Qualifier
- 11%e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean Total Land Equivalent Ratio (TLER) was 1.14 for DM and 1.11 for GY, showing a 14 and 11% advantages over sole cropping”
t0“sorghum-groundnut intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use equivalency ratios indicated no intercropping advantage for dry matter.
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- TLWUERe0
- Direction
- no advantagee0
- Value
- 1.01(irrigation) and 0.99 (seasonal ET)e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall mean TLWUER were 1.01(irrigation) and 0.99 (seasonal ET) for DM, 0.98 and 0.96 for GY, indicating no advantage of intercropping over sole cropping”
t0“sorghum-groundnut intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use equivalency ratios indicated no intercropping advantage for grain yield.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- GYe0
- Direction
- no advantagee0
- Value
- 0.98 and 0.96e0
- Comparator
- sole croppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The overall mean TLWUER were 1.01(irrigation) and 0.99 (seasonal ET) for DM, 0.98 and 0.96 for GY, indicating no advantage of intercropping over sole cropping”
t0“sorghum-groundnut intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping was more water use efficient based on water use ratios.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“based on water use ratios, intercropping was more water use efficient than sole crops”
t0“sorghum-groundnut intercrop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the yield advantage of intercropping to higher seasonal water use rather than an improved overall water use ratio.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield advantage of intercropping was not attributable to its overall improved water use ratio but rather to its higher seasonal water use”
t0“sorghum-groundnut intercrop”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.