Abstract
Switchgrass has increasingly been recognized as a dedicated biofuel crop for its broad adaptation to marginal lands and high biomass. However, little is known about the basic biology and the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in switchgrass, particularly under stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of salt and drought stress on switchgrass germination, growth and the expression of small regulatory RNAs. The results indicate that salt stress had a gradual but significant negative effect on switchgrass growth and development. The germination rate was significantly decreased from 82% for control to 36% under 1% NaCl treatment. However, drought stress had little effect on the germination rate but had a significant effect on the growth of switchgrass under the severest salinity stress. Both salt and drought stresses altered the expression pattern of miRNAs in a dose-dependent manner. However, each miRNA responded to drought stress in a different pattern. Salt and drought stress changed the expression level of miRNAs mainly from 0.9-fold up-regulation to 0.7-fold down-regulation. miRNAs were less sensitive to drought treatment than salinity treatment, as evidenced by the narrow fold change in expression levels. Although the range of change in expression level of miRNAs was similar under salt and drought stress, no miRNAs displayed significant change in expression level under all tested salt conditions. Two miRNAs, miR156 and miR162, showed significantly change in expression level under high drought stress. This suggests that miR156 and miR162 may attribute to the adaption of switchgrass to drought stress and are good candidates for improving switchgrass as a biofuel crop by transgenic technology.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced switchgrass growth and development.
- Taxon
- switchgrass
Panicum virgatume0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- switchgrass growth and developmente0
- Direction
- negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress had a gradual but significant negative effect on switchgrass growth and development”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination decreased from 82% in controls to 36% under 1% NaCl.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- 1% NaCl treatmente0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- 82%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination rate was significantly decreased from 82% for control to 36% under 1% NaCl treatment”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought had little effect on germination.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress had little effect on the germination rate”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought significantly affected switchgrass growth under the severest salinity stress.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- growth of switchgrasse0
- Qualifier
- under the severest salinity stresse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress had little effect on the germination rate but had a significant effect on the growth of switchgrass under the severest salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress altered miRNA expression in a dose-dependent way.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- expression pattern of miRNAse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both salt and drought stresses altered the expression pattern of miRNAs in a dose-dependent manner”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress altered miRNA expression in a dose-dependent way.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Treatment
- drought stressese0
- Outcome
- expression pattern of miRNAse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both salt and drought stresses altered the expression pattern of miRNAs in a dose-dependent manner”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Different miRNAs responded differently to drought.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Gene
- miRNAe0
- Outcome
- different patterne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“each miRNA responded to drought stress in a different pattern”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and drought changed miRNA expression within the reported 0.9-fold up to 0.7-fold down range.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Outcome
- expression level of miRNAse0
- Value
- 0.9-fold up-regulation to 0.7-fold down-regulatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt and drought stress changed the expression level of miRNAs mainly from 0.9-fold up-regulation to 0.7-fold down-regulation”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
miRNAs were less sensitive to drought than salinity.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Gene
- miRNAse0
- Outcome
- sensitive to drought treatmente0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- salinity treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miRNAs were less sensitive to drought treatment than salinity treatment”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
No miRNAs changed significantly across all salt conditions.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Outcome
- change in expression levele0
- Direction
- noe0
- Qualifier
- under all tested salt conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no miRNAs displayed significant change in expression level under all tested salt conditions”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
miR156 expression changed significantly under high drought stress.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Gene
- miR156e0
- Outcome
- change in expression levele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two miRNAs, miR156 and miR162, showed significantly change in expression level under high drought stress”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
miR162 expression changed significantly under high drought stress.
- Taxon
- SwitchgrassPanicum virgatumt0
- Gene
- miR162e0
- Outcome
- change in expression levele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two miRNAs, miR156 and miR162, showed significantly change in expression level under high drought stress”
t0“Switchgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest miR156 and miR162 as candidates for improving switchgrass through transgenics.
- Taxon
- switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
- Gene
- miR156 and miR162e0
- Outcome
- good candidates for improving switchgrass as a biofuel crop by transgenic technologye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miR156 and miR162 may attribute to the adaption of switchgrass to drought stress and are good candidates for improving switchgrass as a biofuel crop by transgenic technology”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.