Abstract
Developmental stages of nodules on Caragana arborescens, a woody perennial leguminous species, were studied. Root hair invasion and early cortical infection conformed to the well-known description of herbaceous leguminous nodules having apical meristems, except that a relatively smaller number of cells was infected. In the region of maturation behind the nodule meristem the infection threads remained active throughout the growth of the nodule and served to spread the infection to newly-formed cells. In mature nodules the distribution of red pigment, leghemoglobin, corresponded exactly with the location of the active bacteroidal tissue in the apical zones. Endodermal thickening of the vascular sheath and suberization of the nodule endodermis apparently restricted nutrient diffusion and aeration within the proximal areas. Senescence commenced relatively early, presumably as a result of these factors. However, the thickening of cell walls in these areas delayed, or prevented, necrosis; and a protective periderm which supplanted the outer cortex enhanced longevity of the nodule. Nodule rootlets projecting from six- to eight-month-old nodules were observed. The development of these rootlets from lateral branches of vascular strands and from terminal extensions of the apical tips of vascular bundles within the nodule is described.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Root hair invasion and early cortical infection resembled herbaceous legume nodules, with fewer cells infected.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescens
Caragana arborescenst0 - Outcome
- Root hair invasion and early cortical infectione0
- Qualifier
- a relatively smaller number of cellse0
- Comparator
- herbaceous leguminous nodulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“Root hair invasion and early cortical infection conformed to the well-known description of herbaceous leguminous nodules having apical meristems, except that a relatively smaller number of cells was infected”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection threads remained active behind the nodule meristem throughout growth and spread infection to new cells.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Outcome
- infection threads remained active throughout the growth of the nodulee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“In the region of maturation behind the nodule meristem the infection threads remained active throughout the growth of the nodule and served to spread the infection to newly-formed cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Leghemoglobin distribution in mature nodules matched active bacteroidal tissue in apical zones.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Organ / stage
- mature nodulese0
- Outcome
- distribution of red pigment, leghemoglobine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“In mature nodules the distribution of red pigment, leghemoglobin, corresponded exactly with the location of the active bacteroidal tissue in the apical zones”
Claim · model-written summary
Endodermal thickening and suberization apparently restricted diffusion and aeration.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Organ / stage
- nodule endodermise0
- Outcome
- nutrient diffusion and aeratione0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“Endodermal thickening of the vascular sheath and suberization of the nodule endodermis apparently restricted nutrient diffusion and aeration within the proximal areas”
Claim · model-written summary
Senescence began relatively early, presumably because of restricted diffusion and aeration.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Outcome
- Senescence commenced relatively earlye0
- Qualifier
- presumably as a result of these factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“Senescence commenced relatively early, presumably as a result of these factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell-wall thickening delayed or prevented necrosis in proximal nodule areas.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Outcome
- necrosise0
- Direction
- delayed, or preventede0
- Qualifier
- thickening of cell wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“the thickening of cell walls in these areas delayed, or prevented, necrosis”
Claim · model-written summary
A protective periderm replacing outer cortex enhanced nodule longevity.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Organ / stage
- protective periderme0
- Outcome
- longevity of the nodulee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“a protective periderm which supplanted the outer cortex enhanced longevity of the nodule”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule rootlets were observed on six- to eight-month-old nodules.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Outcome
- Nodule rootlets projectinge0
- Qualifier
- six- to eight-month-old nodulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“Nodule rootlets projecting from six- to eight-month-old nodules were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule rootlets developed from lateral vascular strand branches and terminal extensions of apical vascular bundle tips.
- Taxon
- Caragana arborescensCaragana arborescenst0
- Organ / stage
- vascular bundles within the nodulee0
- Outcome
- development of these rootletse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“CARAGANA ARBORESCENS”
e0“The development of these rootlets from lateral branches of vascular strands and from terminal extensions of the apical tips of vascular bundles within the nodule is described”