Abstract
Salinity is a severe environmental factor that has limited the growth and productivity of crops. External application of regulating substances is a useful strategy to minimize the inhibitory effects of salinity on seedling growth. A controlled study was conducted to assess the interactive effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) addition and salinity on plant growth and antioxidant enzymes of castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) plants. The 50 mM level did not negatively affect the early growth of castor seedlings. At the 100 mM salinity level, however, seedling growth and physiological parameters were severely affected. Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalases (CAT), and proline content were also decreased by up to 32.0, 34.3, 53.6, and 212.4% at such a high salinity level. Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3 increased plant height, stem diameter, and the weight of leaf and the whole plant by up to 13.3, 7.4, 66.7, and 39.1%, respectively. The activity of SOD and POD and the content of proline and soluble protein were also significantly increased when GA 3 was applied at 250 uM. This study indicated that exogenous addition of GA 3 at appropriate concentrations can be a useful strategy to promote early seedling growth of castor bean plants grown under saline conditions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
50 mM salinity did not negatively affect early castor seedling growth.
- Taxon
- castor bean
Ricinus communist0 - Treatment
- 50 mMe0
- Outcome
- early growthe0
- Direction
- did not negatively affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 50 mM level did not negatively affect the early growth of castor seedlings.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM salinity, castor seedling growth and physiological parameters were severely affected.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye0
- Outcome
- seedling growth and physiological parameterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the 100 mM salinity level, however, seedling growth and physiological parameters were severely affected.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height decreased by up to 21.7 at 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye1
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively.”
e1“At the 100 mM salinity level”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf area decreased by up to 27.9 at 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 27.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively.”
e1“At the 100 mM salinity level”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
weight of root decreased by up to 33.3 at 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye1
- Outcome
- weight of roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively.”
e1“At the 100 mM salinity level”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
stem decreased by up to 37.5 at 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye1
- Outcome
- steme0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 37.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively.”
e1“At the 100 mM salinity level”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf decreased by up to 33.2 at 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye1
- Outcome
- leafe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 33.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively.”
e1“At the 100 mM salinity level”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
the whole plant decreased by up to 34.5% at 100 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- 100 mM salinitye1
- Outcome
- the whole plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 34.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height, leaf area, and the weight of root, stem, leaf, and the whole plant was reduced by up to 21.7, 27.9, 33.3, 37.5, 33.2, and 34.5%, respectively.”
e1“At the 100 mM salinity level”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by up to 32.0 at high salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- high salinity levele0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 32.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalases (CAT), and proline content were also decreased by up to 32.0, 34.3, 53.6, and 212.4% at such a high salinity level.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
peroxidases decreased by up to 34.3 at high salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- high salinity levele0
- Outcome
- peroxidasese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 34.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalases (CAT), and proline content were also decreased by up to 32.0, 34.3, 53.6, and 212.4% at such a high salinity level.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
catalases decreased by up to 53.6 at high salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- high salinity levele0
- Outcome
- catalasese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 53.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalases (CAT), and proline content were also decreased by up to 32.0, 34.3, 53.6, and 212.4% at such a high salinity level.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
proline content decreased by up to 212.4% at high salinity.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- high salinity levele0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 212.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalases (CAT), and proline content were also decreased by up to 32.0, 34.3, 53.6, and 212.4% at such a high salinity level.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
plant height increased by up to 13.3 following GA 3 seed presoaking.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3 increased plant height, stem diameter, and the weight of leaf and the whole plant by up to 13.3, 7.4, 66.7, and 39.1%, respectively.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
stem diameter increased by up to 7.4 following GA 3 seed presoaking.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3e0
- Outcome
- stem diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3 increased plant height, stem diameter, and the weight of leaf and the whole plant by up to 13.3, 7.4, 66.7, and 39.1%, respectively.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
weight of leaf increased by up to 66.7 following GA 3 seed presoaking.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3e0
- Outcome
- weight of leafe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 66.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3 increased plant height, stem diameter, and the weight of leaf and the whole plant by up to 13.3, 7.4, 66.7, and 39.1%, respectively.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
the whole plant increased by up to 39.1% following GA 3 seed presoaking.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3e0
- Outcome
- the whole plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Presoaking seeds with 250 uM GA 3 increased plant height, stem diameter, and the weight of leaf and the whole plant by up to 13.3, 7.4, 66.7, and 39.1%, respectively.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
activity of SOD significantly increased with 250 uM GA 3.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- GA 3 was applied at 250 uMe0
- Outcome
- activity of SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of SOD and POD and the content of proline and soluble protein were also significantly increased when GA 3 was applied at 250 uM.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
POD significantly increased with 250 uM GA 3.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- GA 3 was applied at 250 uMe0
- Outcome
- PODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of SOD and POD and the content of proline and soluble protein were also significantly increased when GA 3 was applied at 250 uM.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
content of proline significantly increased with 250 uM GA 3.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- GA 3 was applied at 250 uMe0
- Outcome
- content of prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of SOD and POD and the content of proline and soluble protein were also significantly increased when GA 3 was applied at 250 uM.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
soluble protein significantly increased with 250 uM GA 3.
- Taxon
- castor beanRicinus communist0
- Treatment
- GA 3 was applied at 250 uMe0
- Outcome
- soluble proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of SOD and POD and the content of proline and soluble protein were also significantly increased when GA 3 was applied at 250 uM.”
t0“Castor Bean Plants”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Gibberellic acid · growth · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
salinity · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
salinity · growth · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →salinity · physiology: osmolytes · Ricinus communis (castor bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.