Abstract
Soil acidity and fertility management are critical for crop production on Coastal Plain soils of the southern and southeastern USA. Grasses and legumes are the primary crops grown on these soils. Hybrid bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) are the major warm-season grasses while annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is the dominant cool-season grass. Bahiagrass tolerates acidity and low soil fertility. Bermudagrasses tolerate moderate soil acidity levels and readily respond to N, P, and K fertilization. Annual ryegrasses are highly responsive to limestone, N, and P. High rates of ammonium N applied for grass production rapidly increase acidity due to nitrification in these low-buffer-capacity soils. Liming these soils to increase pH improves P use efficiency and forage production. Fertilizer P increased soil test P 38% as soil pH was raised from 4.5 to 6.2 in a Lilbert loamy fine sand (thermic Arenic Plinthic Paleudult). Forage legume crops respond favorably to applied P, K, and B on limed Ultisols. Limestone applied to strongly acid soils increased alfalfa yields greater than 6.2 Mg ha−1. The critical 0- to 15-cm-depth, soil test P level is 20 mg kg−1 for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using the pH 4.2 NH4OAc–EDTA extractant on limed Coastal Plain soils. Alfalfa response to applied B was 3.9 Mg ha−1 and was economical to 4.2 kg ha−1. Regression analysis predicted that raising the level of hot-water soluble B from 0.3 to 0.7 mg kg−1 in the 5- to 15-cm depth increased alfalfa dry matter yield 9 Mg ha−1. The level of hot-water soluble B in the 0- to 5-cm and in the 0- to 15-cm depths did not correlate with yield.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Bahiagrass tolerates acidity and low soil fertility.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Bahiagrass tolerates acidity and low soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrasses tolerate moderate soil acidity.
- Taxon
- Bermudagrasses
Cynodon dactylone0 - Outcome
- tolerate moderate soil acidity levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrasses tolerate moderate soil acidity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Bermudagrasses respond to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassesCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- N, P, and K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- readily responde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrasses tolerate moderate soil acidity levels and readily respond to N, P, and K fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual ryegrasses respond strongly to limestone, nitrogen and phosphorus.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Annual ryegrasses are highly responsive to limestone, N, and P”
Claim · model-written summary
High ammonium nitrogen rates for grass production rapidly increase soil acidity.
- Taxon
- grasse0
- Treatment
- High rates of ammonium Ne0
- Outcome
- aciditye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- due to nitrification in these low-buffer-capacity soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High rates of ammonium N applied for grass production rapidly increase acidity due to nitrification in these low-buffer-capacity soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming to raise soil pH improves phosphorus use efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Liming these soils to increase pH improves P use efficiency and forage production”
e1“Grasses and legumes are the primary crops grown on these soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming to raise soil pH improves forage production.
- Taxon
- Grasses and legumese1
- Treatment
- Liming these soilse0
- Outcome
- forage productione0
- Direction
- improvese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Liming these soils to increase pH improves P use efficiency and forage production”
e1“Grasses and legumes are the primary crops grown on these soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Added phosphorus raised soil-test phosphorus by 38% as soil pH rose from 4.5 to 6.2.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer P increased soil test P 38% as soil pH was raised from 4.5 to 6.2 in a Lilbert loamy fine sand”
e1“Grasses and legumes are the primary crops grown on these soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Forage legumes respond favorably to phosphorus, potassium and boron on limed Ultisols.
- Taxon
- Forage legume cropse0
- Treatment
- applied P, K, and Be0
- Outcome
- respond favorablye0
- Setting
- limed Ultisolse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Forage legume crops respond favorably to applied P, K, and B on limed Ultisols”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone on strongly acidic soil increased alfalfa yield by more than 6.2 Mg ha−1.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- Limestonee0
- Outcome
- alfalfa yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- greater than 6.2 Mg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- strongly acid soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Limestone applied to strongly acid soils increased alfalfa yields greater than 6.2 Mg ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical soil-test phosphorus level for alfalfa was 20 mg kg−1 in the 0- to 15-cm layer.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- soil test P levele0
- Value
- 20 mg kg−1e0
- Qualifier
- 0- to 15-cm-depthe0
- Setting
- Coastal Plaine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The critical 0- to 15-cm-depth, soil test P level is 20 mg kg−1 for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using the pH 4.2 NH4OAc–EDTA extractant on limed Coastal Plain soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa responded to boron with a 3.9 Mg ha−1 yield response.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- applied Be0
- Outcome
- Alfalfa responsee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 3.9 Mg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa response to applied B was 3.9 Mg ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied boron was economical up to 4.2 kg ha−1 for alfalfa.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- applied Be0
- Outcome
- economicale0
- Value
- 4.2 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa response to applied B was 3.9 Mg ha−1 and was economical to 4.2 kg ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Regression predicted that raising soil boron from 0.3 to 0.7 mg kg−1 at 5–15 cm increased alfalfa dry matter yield by 9 Mg ha−1.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Compound
- hot-water soluble Be0
- Outcome
- alfalfa dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9 Mg ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- from 0.3 to 0.7 mg kg−1 in the 5- to 15-cm depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raising the level of hot-water soluble B from 0.3 to 0.7 mg kg−1 in the 5- to 15-cm depth increased alfalfa dry matter yield 9 Mg ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil boron at 0–5 cm was uncorrelated with alfalfa yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Compound
- hot-water soluble Be0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
- Qualifier
- 0- to 5-cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hot-water soluble B in the 0- to 5-cm and in the 0- to 15-cm depths did not correlate with yield”
e1“alfalfa dry matter yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil boron at 0–15 cm was uncorrelated with alfalfa yield.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Compound
- hot-water soluble Be0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- did not correlatee0
- Qualifier
- 0- to 15-cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hot-water soluble B in the 0- to 5-cm and in the 0- to 15-cm depths did not correlate with yield”
e1“alfalfa dry matter yield”
The same questions in other papers
calcium oxide · yield · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.