Paper · 2009 · Journal of Agricultural Science

Study of Integrate Methods Chemical and Cultural Control of Weeds to Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Zoheir. Y.Ashrafi; Sedigheh Sadeghi; Hamid. R. Mashhadi

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
8
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

An experiment was laid out to study the effect of different weed management practices and row spacings on the yieldand yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2 during 2005 – 2006 at Agronomy Research Farm, University College ofAgricultural and Natural Resource, University of Tehran. Wheat was sown at row spacing of 20, 30 and 40 cm, whileherbicides applied were broad spectrum 2,4-D butyl Ester: 72 EC + Isoproturon 75 WP @ 865 ml and 865 g ha-1respectively, broad leaf Buctril M 40 EC @ 1.25 liter ha-1 and a weedy check (no herbicide). Row spacing significantlyaffected all parameters. Minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and netincome were found in 20 cm row spacing. While number of grains spike-1 were highest in 30 cm row spacing. Amongherbicides, minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, grain yield, harvest index andnet income were found in plots treated with broad-spectrum herbicide followed by Buctril-M 40 and the weedy check,respectively. It is concluded that maximum grain yield and net income can be obtained using broad spectrum (grasses +broad leaved) herbicides and narrow row spacing.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

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Claims 9

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 20 cm row spacing had the minimum weed density.

Treatment
20 cm row spacinge2
Outcome
weeds density m-2e2
Direction
Minimume2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e2

“Minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and net income were found in 20 cm row spacing”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 591–720 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 20 cm row spacing had maximum spikelets per spike and grain yield.

Treatment
20 cm row spacinge2
Outcome
spikelets spike-1, grain yielde2
Direction
maximume2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e2

“Minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and net income were found in 20 cm row spacing”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 591–720 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 20 cm row spacing had maximum harvest index and net income.

Treatment
20 cm row spacinge2
Outcome
harvest index and net incomee2
Direction
maximume2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e2

“Minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and net income were found in 20 cm row spacing”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 591–720 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The 30 cm row spacing had the highest number of grains per spike.

Treatment
30 cm row spacinge5
Outcome
number of grains spike-1e5
Direction
higheste5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e5

“While number of grains spike-1 were highest in 30 cm row spacing”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–786 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Broad-spectrum herbicide had the minimum weed density, compared with Buctril-M 40 and the weedy check.

Treatment
broad-spectrum herbicidee3
Outcome
weeds density m-2e3
Direction
minimume3
Comparator
Buctril-M 40 and the weedy checke3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e3

“Among herbicides, minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and net income were found in plots treated with broad-spectrum herbicide followed by Buctril-M 40 and the weedy check, respectively”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 788–1034 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Broad-spectrum herbicide had maximum spikelets, grains per spike and grain yield.

Treatment
broad-spectrum herbicidee3
Outcome
spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, grain yielde3
Direction
maximume3
Comparator
Buctril-M 40 and the weedy checke3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e3

“Among herbicides, minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and net income were found in plots treated with broad-spectrum herbicide followed by Buctril-M 40 and the weedy check, respectively”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 788–1034 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Broad-spectrum herbicide had maximum harvest index and net income.

Treatment
broad-spectrum herbicidee3
Outcome
harvest index and net incomee3
Direction
maximume3
Comparator
Buctril-M 40 and the weedy checke3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e3

“Among herbicides, minimum weeds density m-2 and maximum spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, grain yield, harvest index and net income were found in plots treated with broad-spectrum herbicide followed by Buctril-M 40 and the weedy check, respectively”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 788–1034 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Maximum grain yield and net income can be obtained with broad-spectrum herbicides and narrow row spacing.

Treatment
broad spectrum (grasses + broad leaved) herbicides and narrow row spacinge4
Outcome
maximum grain yield and net incomee4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e4

“It is concluded that maximum grain yield and net income can be obtained using broad spectrum (grasses + broad leaved) herbicides and narrow row spacing”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 1036–1186 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Row spacing significantly affected all measured parameters.

Treatment
Row spacinge1
Outcome
all parameterse1

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“yield components of wheat variety Karaj-2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 119–160 · show in text ↑
e1

“Row spacing significantly affected all parameters”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 541–589 · show in text ↑

density · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

498 papers: 376 positive, 122 negative or no effect

375 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.