Abstract
Sowing date, sowing rate and row spacing effects were studied on irrigated wheat crops at Griffith, N.S.W. during 1983-85 using genotypes differing in maturity, stature and genetic background. The aim was to identify better management practices and genotypes through a better understanding of development and growth of wheat grown under high-yielding conditions. Maximum yield was up to 891 g/m2. The average yield reduction was 50 g/m2 or 6% per 1-week delay in anthesis after 1 October, but varied between 2 and 23%, depending on the season. Lodging was a significant problem in all three years, with less lodging for later sowing dates, earlier maturity types or shorter stature. Plant spacing, through variations in row spacing (17-45 cm) or sowing rate (50-200 kg/ha) did not significantly affect grain yields, but lodging was reduced by increased row spacing and reduced sowing rate. Dry weight at anthesis (600-1 500 g/m2) explained 65% of the variation in lodging, with severe lodging risks for weights over 900 g/m2. Harvest index improved with later sowing or earlier maturity and was, among genotypes within a sowing, negatively correlated with anthesis date, height, lodging score and final leaf number on the main stem. Nitrogen uptake usually ceased before anthesis. Genotypic differences in grain protein concentrations of more than 2% were found. Some genotypes combined high yield with high grain protein concentration (e.g. 717 g/m2, 14.1% protein). Significant genotype effects on spike density, kernel weight, kernel growth rate, and number of kernels per m2, per spike and per g chaff weight were identified, but none seemed to restrict yield. There was much compensation between traits. For example, high kernel numbers (per g chaff, spike or m2) were associated with low kernel weights and vice versa, both within and between genotypes. It was concluded that short-stature, early-maturing, low spike-bearing cultivars are most suited to high-yielding conditions from any sowing date, provided flowering occurs after late September, as such crops have a reduced lodging risk and use assimilates and N most efficiently. Genotypes were highly adaptable and many morphogenetic traits differed widely between genotypes, but were usually similar among dwarf or semidwarf, and among early or late maturing genotypes.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat yield reached 891 g/m2.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 891 g/m2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum yield was up to 891 g/m2.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Each one-week delay in anthesis after 1 October reduced yield by 50 g/m2 or 6% on average.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 50 g/m2 or 6%e0
- Qualifier
- varied between 2 and 23%, depending on the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield reduction was 50 g/m2 or 6% per 1-week delay in anthesis after 1 October, but varied between 2 and 23%, depending on the season.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Lodging was less frequent with later sowing dates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- later sowing datese0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less lodging for later sowing dates, earlier maturity types or shorter stature”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Earlier maturity types had less lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- earlier maturity typese0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less lodging for later sowing dates, earlier maturity types or shorter stature”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shorter stature was linked to less lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- shorter staturee0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less lodging for later sowing dates, earlier maturity types or shorter stature”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spacing changes did not significantly affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Plant spacinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant spacing, through variations in row spacing (17-45 cm) or sowing rate (50-200 kg/ha) did not significantly affect grain yields”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing row spacing reduced lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased row spacinge0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lodging was reduced by increased row spacing and reduced sowing rate”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing sowing rate reduced lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- reduced sowing ratee0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lodging was reduced by increased row spacing and reduced sowing rate”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthesis dry weight explained 65% of lodging variation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Outcome
- variation in lodginge0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Qualifier
- weights over 900 g/m2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight at anthesis (600-1 500 g/m2) explained 65% of the variation in lodging, with severe lodging risks for weights over 900 g/m2.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index improved with later sowing or earlier maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- later sowinge0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Harvest index improved with later sowing or earlier maturity”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index was negatively correlated with anthesis date, height, lodging score and final main-stem leaf number.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Outcome
- Harvest indexe1
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively correlated with anthesis date, height, lodging score and final leaf number on the main stem”
e1“Harvest index improved with later sowing or earlier maturity”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake usually ceased before anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- anthesise0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- ceasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen uptake usually ceased before anthesis.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes differed by more than 2% in grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentrationse0
- Value
- more than 2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypic differences in grain protein concentrations of more than 2% were found.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Some genotypes combined high yield and high grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- high yield with high grain protein concentratione0
- Value
- 717 g/m2, 14.1% proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some genotypes combined high yield with high grain protein concentration (e.g. 717 g/m2, 14.1% protein).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype significantly affected spike density, kernel weight, kernel growth rate and kernel counts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- genotypee0
- Outcome
- spike density, kernel weight, kernel growth rate, and number of kernels per m2, per spike and per g chaff weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant genotype effects on spike density, kernel weight, kernel growth rate, and number of kernels per m2, per spike and per g chaff weight were identified, but none seemed to restrict yield.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher kernel numbers were associated with lower kernel weights.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- kernel weightse0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Qualifier
- high kernel numberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high kernel numbers (per g chaff, spike or m2) were associated with low kernel weights”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that short, early maturing, low spike-bearing cultivars suit high-yielding conditions when flowering follows late September.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- short-stature, early-maturing, low spike-bearing cultivars are most suited to high-yielding conditionse0
- Qualifier
- provided flowering occurs after late Septembere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“short-stature, early-maturing, low spike-bearing cultivars are most suited to high-yielding conditions from any sowing date, provided flowering occurs after late September”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotypes differed widely in morphogenetic traits, though dwarf or semidwarf and early or late maturity groups were usually similar internally.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Genotypese0
- Outcome
- morphogenetic traitse0
- Direction
- differed widelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes were highly adaptable and many morphogenetic traits differed widely between genotypes, but were usually similar among dwarf or semidwarf, and among early or late maturing genotypes.”
t0“wheat”
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