Abstract
In our attempt to standardize methods to eliminate Salmonella from cowpea bean sprouts, treatment of cowpea seeds either with 20,000 ppm active chlorine for 1 h or with vinegar (5% acetic acid) for 30 min failed to eliminate S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium). Although vinegar eliminated Salmonella in 45 min, it drastically deteriorated the sprouting rate of the treated seeds. The inoculation of seeds with Salmonella reduced germination if the soak water had≥7.2 × 108 cfu/mL of Salmonella. Salmonella typhimurium rapidly multiplied on germinating cowpea seeds. Nongerminated seeds exhibited a greater (P < 0.01) number of the pathogen than sprouted seeds. Chlorination and vinegar treatments (up to 3 h) of sprouts from contaminated seeds did not eliminate Salmonella but reduced its populations by 2–4 log10cfu/g. The study also reports that a 1-h vinegar treatment can also eliminate Salmonella from contaminated sprouts after germination.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorine treatment failed to eliminate Salmonella from cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- 20,000 ppm active chlorine for 1 he0
- Interactor
- S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium
Salmonella entericae0pathogen - Outcome
- S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimuriume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of cowpea seeds either with 20,000 ppm active chlorine for 1 h or with vinegar (5% acetic acid) for 30 min failed to eliminate S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-minute vinegar treatment failed to eliminate Salmonella from cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- vinegar (5% acetic acid) for 30 mine0
- Interactor
- S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar TyphimuriumSalmonella entericae0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimuriume0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment of cowpea seeds either with 20,000 ppm active chlorine for 1 h or with vinegar (5% acetic acid) for 30 min failed to eliminate S. enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium)”
Claim · model-written summary
Vinegar eliminated Salmonella in 45 minutes.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- vinegare0
- Interactor
- Salmonella
Salmonellae0pathogen - Outcome
- Salmonellae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although vinegar eliminated Salmonella in 45 min, it drastically deteriorated the sprouting rate of the treated seeds”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Vinegar drastically reduced the sprouting rate of treated cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- vinegare0
- Outcome
- sprouting ratee0
- Direction
- deterioratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although vinegar eliminated Salmonella in 45 min, it drastically deteriorated the sprouting rate of the treated seeds”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salmonella inoculation reduced cowpea germination when soak water contained at least the stated concentration.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of seeds with Salmonellae0
- Interactor
- SalmonellaSalmonellae0pathogen
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7.2 × 108 cfu/mLe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculation of seeds with Salmonella reduced germination if the soak water had≥7.2 × 108 cfu/mL of Salmonella”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salmonella typhimurium rapidly multiplied on germinating cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimuriume0pathogen - Outcome
- Salmonella typhimurium rapidly multipliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salmonella typhimurium rapidly multiplied on germinating cowpea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Nongerminated seeds carried a significantly greater number of the pathogen than sprouted seeds.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- Nongerminated seedse0
- Outcome
- number of the pathogene0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- sprouted seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nongerminated seeds exhibited a greater (P < 0.01) number of the pathogen than sprouted seeds”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorination of contaminated sprouts reduced Salmonella populations by 2–4 log10cfu/g without eliminating it.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Chlorinatione0
- Interactor
- SalmonellaSalmonellae0pathogen
- Outcome
- its populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2–4 log10cfu/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorination and vinegar treatments (up to 3 h) of sprouts from contaminated seeds did not eliminate Salmonella but reduced its populations by 2–4 log10cfu/g”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
Vinegar treatment of contaminated sprouts reduced Salmonella populations by 2–4 log10cfu/g without eliminating it.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- vinegar treatments (up to 3 h)e0
- Interactor
- SalmonellaSalmonellae0pathogen
- Outcome
- its populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 2–4 log10cfu/ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorination and vinegar treatments (up to 3 h) of sprouts from contaminated seeds did not eliminate Salmonella but reduced its populations by 2–4 log10cfu/g”
t0“COWPEA”
Claim · model-written summary
One-hour vinegar treatment eliminated Salmonella from contaminated sprouts after germination.
- Taxon
- COWPEAVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 1-h vinegar treatmente0
- Interactor
- SalmonellaSalmonellae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Salmonellae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 1-h vinegar treatment can also eliminate Salmonella from contaminated sprouts after germination”
t0“COWPEA”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 92 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
98 papers more in this group
See all 102 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.