Abstract
In angiosperms, auxin phytohormones play a crucial regulatory role in fruit initiation. The expression of auxin biosynthesis genes in ovules and placenta results in uncoupling of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development from fertilization with production of parthenocarpic fruits. We have identified two newly described genes, named Aucsia genes, which are differentially expressed in auxin-synthesis (DefH9-iaaM) parthenocarpic tomato flower buds. The two tomato Aucsia genes encode 53-amino-acid-long peptides. We show, by RNA interference-mediated gene suppression, that Aucsia genes are involved in both reproductive and vegetative plant development. Aucsia-silenced tomato plants exhibited auxin-related phenotypes such as parthenocarpic fruit development, leaf fusions, and reflexed leaves. Auxin-induced rhizogenesis in cotyledon explants and polar auxin transport in roots were reduced in Aucsia-silenced plants compared with wild-type plants. In addition, Aucsia-silenced plants showed an increased sensitivity to 1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport. We further prove that total indole-3-acetic acid content was increased in preanthesis Aucsia-silenced flower buds. Thus, the data presented demonstrate that Aucsia genes encode a novel family of plant peptides that control fruit initiation and affect other auxin-related biological processes in tomato. Aucsia homologous genes are present in both chlorophytes and streptophytes, and the encoded peptides are distinguished by a 16-amino-acid-long (PYSGXSTLALVARXSA) AUCSIA motif, a lysine-rich carboxyl-terminal region, and a conserved tyrosine-based endocytic sorting motif.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin biosynthesis gene expression in ovules and placenta produced parthenocarpic tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- ovules and placentae0
- Treatment
- expression of auxin biosynthesis genese0
- Outcome
- production of parthenocarpic fruitse0
- Comparator
- fertilizatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of auxin biosynthesis genes in ovules and placenta results in uncoupling of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development from fertilization with production of parthenocarpic fruits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two Aucsia genes were differentially expressed in parthenocarpic flower buds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- DefH9-iaaMe0
- Organ / stage
- flower budse0
- Gene
- Aucsia genese0
- Outcome
- differentially expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have identified two newly described genes, named Aucsia genes, which are differentially expressed in auxin-synthesis (DefH9-iaaM) parthenocarpic tomato flower buds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Two tomato Aucsia genes encode 53-amino-acid-long peptides.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- Aucsia genese0
- Outcome
- encodee0
- Value
- 53-amino-acid-long peptidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two tomato Aucsia genes encode 53-amino-acid-long peptides.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aucsia silencing induced parthenocarpic fruit development in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Aucsia-silencede0
- Gene
- Aucsiae0
- Outcome
- parthenocarpic fruit developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aucsia-silenced tomato plants exhibited auxin-related phenotypes such as parthenocarpic fruit development, leaf fusions, and reflexed leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aucsia-silenced tomato showed leaf fusion and reflexed leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Aucsia-silencede0
- Gene
- Aucsiae0
- Outcome
- leaf fusions, and reflexed leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aucsia-silenced tomato plants exhibited auxin-related phenotypes such as parthenocarpic fruit development, leaf fusions, and reflexed leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Aucsia silencing reduced auxin-induced rhizogenesis in cotyledon explants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotyledon explantse0
- Treatment
- Aucsia-silenced plantse0
- Gene
- Aucsiae0
- Outcome
- Auxin-induced rhizogenesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin-induced rhizogenesis in cotyledon explants and polar auxin transport in roots were reduced in Aucsia-silenced plants compared with wild-type plants.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aucsia silencing reduced polar auxin transport in roots.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Aucsia-silenced plantse0
- Gene
- Aucsiae0
- Outcome
- polar auxin transporte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin-induced rhizogenesis in cotyledon explants and polar auxin transport in roots were reduced in Aucsia-silenced plants compared with wild-type plants.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aucsia-silenced tomato was more sensitive to 1-naphthylphthalamic acid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Aucsia-silencede0
- Gene
- Aucsiae0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to 1-naphthylphthalamic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aucsia-silenced plants showed an increased sensitivity to 1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an inhibitor of polar auxin transport.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Preanthesis Aucsia-silenced flower buds had increased total indole-3-acetic acid.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- preanthesis Aucsia-silenced flower budse0
- Treatment
- Aucsia-silencede0
- Gene
- Aucsiae0
- Outcome
- total indole-3-acetic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total indole-3-acetic acid content was increased in preanthesis Aucsia-silenced flower buds.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aucsia homologs were found in chlorophytes and streptophytes.
Verbatim
e0“Aucsia homologous genes are present in both chlorophytes and streptophytes, and the encoded peptides are distinguished by a 16-amino-acid-long (PYSGXSTLALVARXSA) AUCSIA motif, a lysine-rich carboxyl-terminal region, and a conserved tyrosine-based endocytic sorting motif.”
Claim · model-written summary
AUCSIA peptides have a 16-amino-acid motif, lysine-rich carboxyl terminus and tyrosine-based sorting motif.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- AUCSIAe0
- Outcome
- 16-amino-acid-long (PYSGXSTLALVARXSA) AUCSIA motif, a lysine-rich carboxyl-terminal region, and a conserved tyrosine-based endocytic sorting motife0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the encoded peptides are distinguished by a 16-amino-acid-long (PYSGXSTLALVARXSA) AUCSIA motif, a lysine-rich carboxyl-terminal region, and a conserved tyrosine-based endocytic sorting motif.”
t0“Tomato”
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