Abstract
A 3-year field research was conducted in 1997, 1998, and 1999 at Stoneville, MS on a Dundee silt loam soil to study efficacy and economics of glyphosate with or without preemergence (PRE) herbicides in glyphosate-resistant soybean under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems. Single or sequential glyphosate postemergence (POST) applications provided at least 91% control of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash (broadleaf signalgrass), Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf (browntop millet), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill (hemp sesbania), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (johnsongrass), Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby (sicklepod), Ipomoea lacunosa L. (pitted morningglory), Sida spinosa L. (prickly sida), and Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow nutsedge), and POST-only programs were as effective as PRE followed by POST programs. Two POST applications of glyphosate produced highest soybean yield (2,710 kg/ha) and net return ($280/ha). Single POST application of glyphosate resulted in greater net return ($226/ha) compared to the conventional standard (pendimethalin, imazaquin, acifluorfen, bentazon, and clethodim) herbicide program ($58/ha), although both had similar yields. Addition of PRE herbicides tend to increase herbicide costs and decrease net returns compared to two POST applications of glyphosate. Soybean yield and net return were lower in NT compared to CT systems, due to a lower soybean stand establishment in NT systems. These results suggest that when yields are comparable among various herbicide programs, net return is dictated by the cost of the herbicide program, including seeds and associated technology fee.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Single or sequential postemergence glyphosate gave at least 91% control of nine listed weeds.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Single or sequential glyphosate postemergence (POST) applicationse0
- Outcome
- control of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash (broadleaf signalgrass), Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf (browntop millet), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill (hemp sesbania), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (johnsongrass), Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby (sicklepod), Ipomoea lacunosa L. (pitted morningglory), Sida spinosa L. (prickly sida), and Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow nutsedge)e0
- Value
- at least 91%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single or sequential glyphosate postemergence (POST) applications provided at least 91% control of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (barnyardgrass), Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash (broadleaf signalgrass), Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf (browntop millet), Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A.W. Hill (hemp sesbania), Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (johnsongrass), Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby (sicklepod), Ipomoea lacunosa L. (pitted morningglory), Sida spinosa L. (prickly sida), and Cyperus esculentus L. (yellow nutsedge)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence-only programs controlled weeds as effectively as preemergence followed by postemergence programs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- POST-only programse0
- Outcome
- as effectivee0
- Direction
- as effectivee0
- Comparator
- PRE followed by POST programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST-only programs were as effective as PRE followed by POST programs”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Two postemergence glyphosate applications produced the highest soybean yield, 2,710 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Two POST applications of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2,710 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two POST applications of glyphosate produced highest soybean yield (2,710 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two postemergence glyphosate applications produced the highest net return, $280/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Two POST applications of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- $280/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two POST applications of glyphosate produced highest soybean yield (2,710 kg/ha) and net return ($280/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
A single postemergence glyphosate application gave greater net return than the conventional herbicide program.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Single POST application of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- $226/hae0
- Qualifier
- $58/hae0
- Comparator
- conventional standard (pendimethalin, imazaquin, acifluorfen, bentazon, and clethodim) herbicide programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single POST application of glyphosate resulted in greater net return ($226/ha) compared to the conventional standard (pendimethalin, imazaquin, acifluorfen, bentazon, and clethodim) herbicide program ($58/ha)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The single postemergence glyphosate and conventional herbicide programs had similar soybean yields.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although both had similar yields”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding preemergence herbicides tended to increase herbicide costs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Addition of PRE herbicidese0
- Outcome
- herbicide costse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of PRE herbicides tend to increase herbicide costs”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding preemergence herbicides tended to decrease net returns compared with two glyphosate postemergence applications.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Addition of PRE herbicidese0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- two POST applications of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of PRE herbicides tend to increase herbicide costs and decrease net returns compared to two POST applications of glyphosate”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage soybean yield was lower than conventional-tillage yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield and net return were lower in NT compared to CT systems”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage net return was lower than conventional-tillage net return.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield and net return were lower in NT compared to CT systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower soybean stand establishment under no tillage explained the lower yield and return.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NT systemse0
- Outcome
- lower soybean stand establishmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“due to a lower soybean stand establishment in NT systems”
Claim · model-written summary
When herbicide programs yield comparably, program cost determines net return.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Qualifier
- cost of the herbicide program, including seeds and associated technology feee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when yields are comparable among various herbicide programs, net return is dictated by the cost of the herbicide program, including seeds and associated technology fee”
t0“Soybean”
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