Paper · 2009 · Journal of Ecology

Grazing triggers soil carbon loss by altering plant roots and their control on soil microbial community

Katja Klumpp; Sébastien Fontaine; Eléonore Attard; et al.

11
claims
27
verbatim quotes
232
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Summary 1. Depending on grazing intensity, grasslands tend towards two contrasting systems that differ in terms of species diversity and soil carbon (C) storage. To date, effects of grazing on C cycling have mainly been studied in grasslands subject to constant grazing regimes, whereas little is known for grasslands experiencing a change in grazing intensity. Analysing the transition between C‐storing and C‐releasing grasslands under low‐ and high‐grazing regimes, respectively, will help to identify key plant–soil interactions for C cycling. 2. The transition was studied in a mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths submitted to a change in grazing after 14 years of constant high and low grazing. Plant–soil interactions were analysed by following the dynamics of plant and microbial communities, roots and soil organic matter fractions over 2 years. After disturbance change, mesocosms were continuously exposed to 13 C‐labelled CO 2 , which allowed us to trace both the incorporation of new litter C produced by a modified plant community in soil and the fate of old unlabelled litter C. 3. Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events. After shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased followed by a decline in root biomass and a change in plant community structure 1.5 months later. Those changes led to a decrease of soil fungi, a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C (<6 months). At last, accelerated decomposition released plant available nitrogen and decreased soil C storage. Our results indicate that intensified grazing triggers proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and subsequent faster decomposition by reducing roots adapted to low disturbance. 4. Synthesis . Plant communities exert control on microbial communities and decomposition through the activity of their living roots: slow‐growing plants adapted to low disturbance reduce Gram(+) bacteria, decomposition of low and high quality litter, nitrogen availability and, thus, ingress of fast‐growing plants. Our results indicate that grazing impacts on soil carbon storage by altering plant roots and their control on the soil microbial community and decomposition, and that these processes will foster decomposition and soil C loss in more productive and disturbed grassland systems.

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Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After the shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
shift to high disturbancee2
Outcome
photosynthesise2
Direction
decreasede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e2

“After shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased followed by a decline in root biomass and a change in plant community structure 1.5 months later”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1319 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After the shift to high disturbance, root biomass declined.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
shift to high disturbancee2
Outcome
root biomasse2
Direction
declinee2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e2

“After shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased followed by a decline in root biomass and a change in plant community structure 1.5 months later”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1319 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After the shift to high disturbance, plant community structure changed 1.5 months later.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
shift to high disturbancee2
Outcome
plant community structuree2
Qualifier
1.5 months latere2

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e2

“After shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased followed by a decline in root biomass and a change in plant community structure 1.5 months later”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1319 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Changing disturbance intensity decreased soil fungi.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
Changing disturbance intensitye1
Outcome
soil fungie3
Direction
decreasee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e1

“Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1106–1163 · show in text ↑
e3

“Those changes led to a decrease of soil fungi, a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C (<6 months)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1321–1474 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Changing disturbance intensity led to a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
Changing disturbance intensitye1
Outcome
Gram(+) bacteriae3
Direction
proliferatione3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e1

“Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1106–1163 · show in text ↑
e3

“Those changes led to a decrease of soil fungi, a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C (<6 months)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1321–1474 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Changing disturbance intensity accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
Changing disturbance intensitye1
Outcome
accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic Ce3
Direction
acceleratede3
Qualifier
<6 monthse3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e1

“Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1106–1163 · show in text ↑
e3

“Those changes led to a decrease of soil fungi, a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C (<6 months)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1321–1474 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Accelerated decomposition released plant available nitrogen.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
Changing disturbance intensitye1
Outcome
plant available nitrogene4
Direction
increaseinferrede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e1

“Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1106–1163 · show in text ↑
e4

“At last, accelerated decomposition released plant available nitrogen and decreased soil C storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1476–1573 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Changing disturbance intensity decreased soil C storage.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
Changing disturbance intensitye1
Outcome
soil C storagee4
Direction
decreasede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e1

“Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1106–1163 · show in text ↑
e4

“At last, accelerated decomposition released plant available nitrogen and decreased soil C storage”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1476–1573 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Intensified grazing triggers Gram(+) bacteria proliferation and faster decomposition by reducing roots adapted to low disturbance.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
intensified grazinge5
Outcome
faster decompositione5
Qualifier
by reducing roots adapted to low disturbancee5

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e5

“Our results indicate that intensified grazing triggers proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and subsequent faster decomposition by reducing roots adapted to low disturbance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1575–1744 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant communities control decomposition through the activity of their living roots.

Taxon
grasslande0
Outcome
decompositione6
Qualifier
through the activity of their living rootse6

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e6

“Plant communities exert control on microbial communities and decomposition through the activity of their living roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1761–1878 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grazing impacts soil carbon storage by altering plant roots and their control on the soil microbial community.

Taxon
grasslande0
Treatment
grazinge7
Outcome
soil carbon storagee7
Qualifier
by altering plant roots and their control on the soil microbial communitye7

Verbatim

e0

“mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–627 · show in text ↑
e7

“grazing impacts on soil carbon storage by altering plant roots and their control on the soil microbial community”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2089–2201 · show in text ↑