Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae is a harmful disease of wheat. To manage FHB and mycotoxin contamination in wheat, field experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2008 to evaluate a total of 20 selected bioagents for their ability to inhibit perithecial production of G. zeae and for the control of FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination, in comparison with the registered fungicide Folicur (tebuconazole). All 20 bioagents significantly reduced the perithecial production compared to the untreated control. Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941 was the most effective treatment, reducing the production of perithecia by 63.7% in 2007 and 67.5% in 2008. These effects were significantly better than Folicur fungicide, which reduced perithecial production by 30.4% and 20.5%, for 2007 and 2008, respectively. When sprayed on to wheat heads, seven of the 20 bioagents significantly reduced the FHB index, one reduced Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and six reduced DON content in grains in 2007. ACM941 was the only treatment that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON, by 46.4%, 29.0% and 28.7%, respectively. Among the six bioagents and three formulated products evaluated in two separate field trials in 2008, ACM941 and its formulated product ACM941-CU were the only treatments that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON. The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively. These effects were less marked than those of the Folicur fungicide that reduced FHB index by 98.8%, FDK by 94.2%, and DON by 92.1%. Results of this study suggest that ACM941 is a promising bioagent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in organic farming and in an integrated FHB and DON management program for wheat production.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All 20 bioagents significantly reduced pathogen perithecial production against untreated plots.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- All 20 bioagentse0
- Outcome
- perithecial productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor role
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All 20 bioagents significantly reduced the perithecial production compared to the untreated control.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced perithecial production 63.7% in 2007.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941e0
- Outcome
- production of peritheciae0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 63.7%e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941 was the most effective treatment, reducing the production of perithecia by 63.7% in 2007”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced perithecial production 67.5% in 2008.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941e0
- Outcome
- production of peritheciae0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 67.5%e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Clonostachy rosea strain ACM941 was the most effective treatment, reducing the production of perithecia by 63.7% in 2007 and 67.5% in 2008”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Folicur reduced perithecial production 30.4% in 2007.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Folicur fungicidee0
- Outcome
- perithecial productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.4%e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folicur fungicide, which reduced perithecial production by 30.4% and 20.5%, for 2007 and 2008, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Folicur reduced perithecial production 20.5% in 2008.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Folicur fungicidee0
- Outcome
- perithecial productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20.5%e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folicur fungicide, which reduced perithecial production by 30.4% and 20.5%, for 2007 and 2008, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven bioagents reduced the Fusarium head blight index in 2007.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- seven of the 20 bioagentse0
- Outcome
- FHB indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- sevene0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seven of the 20 bioagents significantly reduced the FHB index”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
One bioagent reduced damaged kernels in 2007.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- onee0
- Outcome
- Fusarium damaged kernelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one reduced Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Six bioagents reduced grain deoxynivalenol content in 2007.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sixe0
- Outcome
- DON content in grainse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six reduced DON content in grains in 2007”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced FHB index 46.4% in 2007.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACM941 was the only treatment that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON, by 46.4%, 29.0% and 28.7%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced damaged kernels 29.0% in 2007.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACM941 was the only treatment that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON, by 46.4%, 29.0% and 28.7%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced deoxynivalenol 28.7% in 2007.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACM941 was the only treatment that significantly reduced FHB index, FDK, and DON, by 46.4%, 29.0% and 28.7%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced FHB index 30.8% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941-CU reduced FHB index 31.4% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced damaged kernels 17.8% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941-CU reduced damaged kernels 43.8% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941 reduced DON 30.8% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ACM941-CU reduced DON 37.1% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments reduced FHB index by 30.8% and 31.4%, FDK by 17.8% and 43.8%, and DON by 30.8% and 37.1%, for ACM941 and ACM941-CU, respectively.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Folicur reduced FHB index 98.8% in 2008.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Folicur fungicidee0
- Outcome
- FHB indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 98.8%e0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folicur fungicide that reduced FHB index by 98.8%, FDK by 94.2%, and DON by 92.1%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Folicur reduced damaged kernels 94.2% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folicur fungicide that reduced FHB index by 98.8%, FDK by 94.2%, and DON by 92.1%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Folicur reduced DON 92.1% in 2008.
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Folicur fungicide that reduced FHB index by 98.8%, FDK by 94.2%, and DON by 92.1%”
t0“wheat”
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