Abstract
Overall, there is a major wish that European farmers implement integrated pest management (IPM), particularly to reduce dependence on pesticides. In the European Rustwatch project, partners conducted nineteen trials across nine different countries during 2020 and 2021 to investigate different IPM strategies, focusing on controlling rust diseases in winter wheat. The trials included the use of varieties with contrasting levels of resistance, variety mixtures, reduced fungicide rates, thresholds, and Decision Support Systems (DSSs), and testing alternative products to fungicides. Sixteen trials developed yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) infections, and six trials developed brown rust (Puccinia triticina) infections. Resistant varieties proved highly effective in keeping down yellow rust infection, and variety mixtures also effectively reduced infection levels and stabilized yields. Rust was fully controlled using 25% of standard fungicide rates, even under high disease pressure. Using DSSs provided sufficient control of rust diseases and resulted in competitive net economic returns due to fewer fungicide applications. The alternative products tested included two biological control agents and four alternative chemistries, which all gave inferior and insufficient control against rust compared with chemical fungicides. The trial work demonstrated that there are good and reliable options for including IPM into disease control in wheat.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow rust occurred in sixteen wheat trials.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) infectionse0
- Value
- Sixteen trialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sixteen trials developed yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) infections”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown rust occurred in six wheat trials.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Puccinia triticina
Puccinia triticinae0pathogen - Outcome
- brown rust (Puccinia triticina) infectionse0
- Value
- six trialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“six trials developed brown rust (Puccinia triticina) infections”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant varieties kept yellow rust infection down.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Resistant varietiese0
- Outcome
- yellow rust infectione0
- Direction
- keeping downe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant varieties proved highly effective in keeping down yellow rust infection”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety mixtures reduced rust infection levels.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- variety mixturese0
- Outcome
- infection levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety mixtures also effectively reduced infection levels and stabilized yields”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety mixtures stabilized yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- variety mixturese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- stabilizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“variety mixtures also effectively reduced infection levels and stabilized yields”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A quarter of standard fungicide rates fully controlled rust even under high disease pressure.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 25% of standard fungicide ratese0
- Outcome
- Ruste0
- Direction
- fully controllede0
- Qualifier
- high disease pressuree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rust was fully controlled using 25% of standard fungicide rates, even under high disease pressure”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Decision support systems gave sufficient rust control.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Using DSSse0
- Outcome
- control of rust diseasese0
- Direction
- sufficiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using DSSs provided sufficient control of rust diseases and resulted in competitive net economic returns due to fewer fungicide applications”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Decision support systems gave competitive net economic returns through fewer fungicide applications.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Using DSSse0
- Outcome
- net economic returnse0
- Direction
- competitivee0
- Qualifier
- fewer fungicide applicationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using DSSs provided sufficient control of rust diseases and resulted in competitive net economic returns due to fewer fungicide applications”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative products controlled rust less effectively than chemical fungicides.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two biological control agents and four alternative chemistriese0
- Outcome
- control against ruste0
- Direction
- inferiore0
- Comparator
- chemical fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two biological control agents and four alternative chemistries, which all gave inferior and insufficient control against rust compared with chemical fungicides”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude reliable integrated pest management options exist for wheat disease control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- including IPM into disease controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are good and reliable options for including IPM into disease control in wheat”
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See all 21 papers →fungicide · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
134 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
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See all 157 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.