Abstract
SUMMARY In a 3‐year field experiment on sandy loam at Woburn, methyl bromide, chloropicrin, D‐D mixture, dazomet, formalin and mercury salts were applied in the first year only, or in the first and second years, before drilling spring wheat. In the third year, their residual effects on spring barley were measured. All sterilants except mercury decreased cereal cyst‐nematode ( Heterodera avenae ) numbers and take‐all ( Ophiobolus graminis ) incidence, and increased crop yields in the year they were applied. Dazomet gave the best control of H. avenae in the first year and controlled O. graminis best in both years of application. In the third year, O. graminis increased in all plots previously treated (except after two successive D‐D treatments), but H. avenae increased only after formalin. Two formalin applications more than trebled the H. avenae egg count by the end of the third year and depressed the yield of barley. Two successive applications of chloropicrin gave the best nematode control. Other fungus diseases, Fusarium foot rot, Pythium root rot, eye‐spot ( Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron.) and sharp eye spot ( Rhizoctonia solani Kühn), were uncommon and sterilants had no detectable effects on them. The largest aggregate straw yield (3‐year total) was obtained from two applications of dazomet, but the best yields after treatment in the first year only were given by D‐D and methyl bromide.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
All soil sterilants except mercury decreased cereal cyst nematode numbers in the year they were applied.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barley
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Hordeum vulgare
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- All sterilants except mercurye1
- Interactor
- Heterodera avenae
.jpg?width=60)
Heterodera avenaee1pathogen - Outcome
- numberse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e1“All sterilants except mercury decreased cereal cyst‐nematode ( Heterodera avenae ) numbers and take‐all ( Ophiobolus graminis ) incidence, and increased crop yields in the year they were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
All soil sterilants except mercury decreased take-all incidence in the year they were applied.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All sterilants except mercurye1
- Interactor
- Ophiobolus graminis
Gaeumannomyces graminise1pathogen - Outcome
- incidencee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e1“All sterilants except mercury decreased cereal cyst‐nematode ( Heterodera avenae ) numbers and take‐all ( Ophiobolus graminis ) incidence, and increased crop yields in the year they were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
All soil sterilants except mercury increased crop yields in the year they were applied.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- All sterilants except mercurye1
- Outcome
- crop yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e1“All sterilants except mercury decreased cereal cyst‐nematode ( Heterodera avenae ) numbers and take‐all ( Ophiobolus graminis ) incidence, and increased crop yields in the year they were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet gave the best control of Heterodera avenae in the first year.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dazomete2
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- controle2
- Direction
- beste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e2“Dazomet gave the best control of H. avenae in the first year and controlled O. graminis best in both years of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Dazomet controlled Ophiobolus graminis best in both years of application.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Dazomete2
- Interactor
- O. graminisGaeumannomyces graminise2pathogen
- Outcome
- controlled O. graminise2
- Direction
- beste2
- Qualifier
- in both years of applicatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e2“Dazomet gave the best control of H. avenae in the first year and controlled O. graminis best in both years of application”
Claim · model-written summary
In the third year, Ophiobolus graminis increased in all plots previously treated, except after two successive D-D treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- previously treatede3
- Interactor
- O. graminisGaeumannomyces graminise3pathogen
- Outcome
- O. graminise3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- except after two successive D‐D treatmentse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e3“In the third year, O. graminis increased in all plots previously treated (except after two successive D‐D treatments), but H. avenae increased only after formalin”
Claim · model-written summary
In the third year, Heterodera avenae increased only in plots treated with formalin.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- formaline3
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- H. avenaee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e3“In the third year, O. graminis increased in all plots previously treated (except after two successive D‐D treatments), but H. avenae increased only after formalin”
Claim · model-written summary
Two formalin applications more than trebled the Heterodera avenae egg count by the end of the third year.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Two formalin applicationse4
- Interactor
- H. avenaeHeterodera avenaee4pathogen
- Outcome
- H. avenae egg counte4
- Direction
- more than treblede4
- Qualifier
- by the end of the third yeare4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e4“Two formalin applications more than trebled the H. avenae egg count by the end of the third year and depressed the yield of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Two formalin applications depressed barley yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- Two formalin applicationse4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- depressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e4“Two formalin applications more than trebled the H. avenae egg count by the end of the third year and depressed the yield of barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Two successive applications of chloropicrin gave the best nematode control.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Two successive applications of chloropicrine5
- Outcome
- nematode controle5
- Direction
- beste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e5“Two successive applications of chloropicrin gave the best nematode control”
Claim · model-written summary
Two applications of dazomet gave the largest aggregate straw yield over three years.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two applications of dazomete6
- Outcome
- aggregate straw yielde6
- Direction
- largeste6
- Qualifier
- 3‐year totale6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e6“The largest aggregate straw yield (3‐year total) was obtained from two applications of dazomet”
Claim · model-written summary
The best yields after treatment in the first year only were given by D-D and methyl bromide.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- D‐D and methyl bromidee7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- beste7
- Qualifier
- after treatment in the first year onlye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e7“the best yields after treatment in the first year only were given by D‐D and methyl bromide”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sterilants had no detectable effect on other fungus diseases, including Fusarium foot rot and Pythium root rot.
- Taxon
- spring wheat and barleyHordeum vulgareTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sterilantse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium foot rote0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pythium root rote0pathogen
- Outcome
- Other fungus diseasese0
- Direction
- no detectable effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“yields of spring wheat and barley”
e0“Other fungus diseases, Fusarium foot rot, Pythium root rot, eye‐spot ( Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron.) and sharp eye spot ( Rhizoctonia solani Kühn), were uncommon and sterilants had no detectable effects on them”
The same questions in other papers
mercury atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
bromomethane · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →dazomet · Gaeumannomyces graminis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dazomet · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.