Abstract
The experiment on the effects of green manure application on the yield and growth of Satsuma orange trees has been conducted since 1946 at Ehime Fruit Tree Experiment Station, Five experi-mental plots have been set up in the terraced orchard on diluvial soil. The total amount of each element (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) applied was same in all plots. In the “100% green manure” plot, green manure alone was applied every year, lupin or broad bean being applied in April and soybean in September. The “0% green manure” plot was applied with chemical fertilizers alone with no green manure. In the 75, 50 and 25% green manure plots, the amounts of green manure applied were the designated percents as much as that applied to the “100% green manure” plot, and the rests were supplemented with the chemical fertilizers. The Satsuma orange trees on trifoliate orange were 25 years old in 1946 when the experiment was started. Each plot was con-sisted of six trees. 1. The yield in the 0% green manure plot was larger than that in the 100% green manure plot for the first three years (1946 to 48), nearly equal to the latter for the following three years (1949 to 51), and then exceeded by the latter since 1952. The 25%, 50%, and 75% plots situated between the 0% and 100% plots in their yields. Since 1953, the yield of 25% plot approached to that of the 0% plot, and the 75% plot to 100% plots. The trees. in the 0% plot have gradually lost their vigor, and since 1957 they have been so exhausted that they could hardly be used in the experiment. The yield of the 50% plot has been intermediate between those of the 100% and 0% plots. 2. Measurements of size and shape of fruits for 7 years, 1950 to 56, showed that the more the green manure was applied, the larger the fruit size and the flatter the fruit shape. Fruit growth during July to November was better in the 100% plot than. in the 0% plot. 3. The experiments on fruit storage conducted in 1948 to 53 revealed that the percentage of storage loss due to molds was less in the plots receiving larger amounts of green manure. 4. Tree volume and trunk circumference in 1960 were larger in the plots receiving larger amount of green manure, showing the same tendency as, the results on the yields for 1956 to 59.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer alone yielded more than full green manure in 1946 to 48.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orange
Citrus unshiut0 - Treatment
- 0% green manure plote0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- first three years (1946 to 48)e0
- Comparator
- 100% green manure plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield in the 0% green manure plot was larger than that in the 100% green manure plot for the first three years (1946 to 48)”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
The two endpoint treatments had nearly equal yield in 1949 to 51.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- nearly equale0
- Qualifier
- following three years (1949 to 51)e0
- Comparator
- 100% green manuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nearly equal to the latter for the following three years (1949 to 51)”
e1“The yield in the 0% green manure plot was larger than that in the 100% green manure plot for the first three years (1946 to 48)”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Full green manure yielded more than chemical fertilizer alone since 1952.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 100% green manuree1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Qualifier
- since 1952e0
- Comparator
- 0% green manuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and then exceeded by the latter since 1952.”
e1“The yield in the 0% green manure plot was larger than that in the 100% green manure plot for the first three years (1946 to 48)”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Intermediate green manure proportions produced intermediate yields.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 25%, 50%, and 75% plotse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- situated betweene0
- Comparator
- 0% and 100% plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 25%, 50%, and 75% plots situated between the 0% and 100% plots in their yields.”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Since 1953, the 25% plot approached the 0% plot in yield.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 25% plote0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- approachede0
- Qualifier
- Since 1953e0
- Comparator
- 0% plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Since 1953, the yield of 25% plot approached to that of the 0% plot”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Since 1953, the 75% plot approached the full green manure plot in yield.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 75% plote0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- approachede1
- Qualifier
- Since 1953e1
- Comparator
- 100% plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and the 75% plot to 100% plots.”
e1“Since 1953, the yield of 25% plot approached to that of the 0% plot”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees in the 0% plot gradually lost vigor and were exhausted by 1957.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 0% plote0
- Outcome
- lost their vigore0
- Qualifier
- since 1957e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trees. in the 0% plot have gradually lost their vigor, and since 1957 they have been so exhausted that they could hardly be used in the experiment.”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% plot had intermediate yield.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 50% plote0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- intermediatee0
- Comparator
- 100% and 0% plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield of the 50% plot has been intermediate between those of the 100% and 0% plots.”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
More green manure was associated with larger fruit size.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- largere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the more the green manure was applied, the larger the fruit size”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
More green manure was associated with flatter fruit shape.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- green manuree1
- Outcome
- fruit shapee0
- Direction
- flattere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flatter the fruit shape”
e1“the more the green manure was applied, the larger the fruit size”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit growth was better with full green manure than none.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- 100% plote0
- Outcome
- Fruit growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- during July to Novembere0
- Comparator
- 0% plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit growth during July to November was better in the 100% plot than. in the 0% plot.”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Larger green manure amounts reduced storage loss due to molds.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- percentage of storage loss due to moldse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of storage loss due to molds was less in the plots receiving larger amounts of green manure.”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree volume was larger with larger green manure amounts.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- Tree volumee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- in 1960e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tree volume and trunk circumference in 1960 were larger in the plots receiving larger amount of green manure”
t0“Satsuma orange”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk circumference was larger with larger green manure amounts.
- Taxon
- Satsuma orangeCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- trunk circumferencee0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- in 1960e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tree volume and trunk circumference in 1960 were larger in the plots receiving larger amount of green manure”
t0“Satsuma orange”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.