Abstract
In the USA and Europe, maize ( Zea mays L.) is often planted into soils that are or become cold and wet resulting in reduced field emergence, poor stands, and lower economic yields. This study was conducted to determine the relative merits of two germination tests, the cold and soak tests, for prediction of field emergence when soil temperatures are suboptimal for germination. The effects of initial seed moisture on field emergence were also investigated. Field emergence of 48 maize inbred lines was measured in eight locations in 1986 and 1987. The seeds of each inbred were also cold and soak tested. Seeds taken directly from conditioned storage and seeds dried to 80 g kg −1 moisture were used in these studies. In 1986, the cold and soak test were equally correlated with field emergence r = 0.43** (significant at the 0.01 level of probability) and 0.40** respectively. In 1987, the cold test was more highly correlated with field emergence ( r = 0.74**) than the soak test ( r = 0.43**). These correlations between laboratory germination tests and field emergence were affected by both location and year. Drying seeds to 80 g kg −1 moisture resulted in an overall 5% decrease in field emergence in both years. There was a significant inbred line‐by‐year interaction, but only one inbred was significantly affected in both years. The value of these germination tests as a tool to aid selection was also investigated and both tests were equally accurate (60% agreement) at predicting those inbreds with field emergence in the lower 30% in both years. The soak test may be considered a rapid, inexpensive, and effective selection tool for elimination of those inbreds with poor field emergence, however, the cold test was superior for prediction of the field emergence of a wide range of inbred lines in a number of environments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In 1986 cold-test correlation with field emergence was 0.43.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1986, the cold and soak test were equally correlated with field emergence r = 0.43** (significant at the 0.01 level of probability) and 0.40** respectively”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1986 soak-test correlation with field emergence was 0.40.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1986, the cold and soak test were equally correlated with field emergence r = 0.43** (significant at the 0.01 level of probability) and 0.40** respectively”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1987 cold-test correlation with emergence was 0.74.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1987, the cold test was more highly correlated with field emergence ( r = 0.74**) than the soak test ( r = 0.43**)”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1987 soak-test correlation with emergence was 0.43.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1987, the cold test was more highly correlated with field emergence ( r = 0.74**) than the soak test ( r = 0.43**)”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
Test-emergence correlations varied with location and year.
- Outcome
- correlations between laboratory germination tests and field emergencee0
- Setting
- location and yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These correlations between laboratory germination tests and field emergence were affected by both location and year”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying seeds to 80 g kg −1 moisture decreased field emergence 5% in both years.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drying seeds to 80 g kg −1 moisture resulted in an overall 5% decrease in field emergence in both years”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
Inbred line and year interacted significantly for field emergence.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant inbred line‐by‐year interaction”
e1“field emergence in both years”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one inbred was significantly affected in both years.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only one inbred was significantly affected in both years”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
Both tests agreed 60% when predicting inbreds in the lowest 30% emergence class.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both tests were equally accurate (60% agreement) at predicting those inbreds with field emergence in the lower 30% in both years”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
The soak test was considered a rapid, inexpensive tool to exclude poor-emergence inbreds.
- Outcome
- selection tool for elimination of those inbreds with poor field emergencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soak test may be considered a rapid, inexpensive, and effective selection tool for elimination of those inbreds with poor field emergence”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
Claim · model-written summary
The cold test was superior for predicting emergence across many inbreds and environments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cold test was superior for prediction of the field emergence of a wide range of inbred lines in a number of environments”
t0“Maize Inbreds”
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