Abstract
The effects of alfalfa, red clover, and perennial ryegrass as cover crops on soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and soybean and corn yields were evaluated in Waseca, Lamberton, and Rosemount, MN. The cover crops were interseeded in soybean at 0 or 2 wks after planting soybean in 2002 and killed with herbicide before planting corn in 2003. As expected, SCN‐susceptible soybean supported higher SCN population density than SCN‐resistant soybean. Reduction of SCN population density by red clover (up to 40%) and alfalfa (up to 55%) was observed in some sampling occasions at Lamberton and Rosemount, probably due to reduced soybean growth, but the effect was inconsistent. No significant reduction of SCN population by the two crops was detected at Waseca. While perennial ryegrass did not affect SCN population density in most cases, up to 46% higher egg population densities were observed in the perennial ryegrass treatment as compared to the control at Waseca. SCN‐resistant soybean produced higher yield than susceptible soybean at all sites. While alfalfa reduced soybean yield at Lamberton (up to 50%) and Rosemount (up to 11%), red clover and perennial ryegrass reduced soybean yield only at Lamberton (up to 38%) and Waseca (up to 34%), respectively. No difference in corn yield was observed at Waseca. At Lamberton, alfalfa and red clover planted at the time of planting soybean reduced corn yield in the following year 17 and 13%, respectively, and perennial ryegrass planted 2 wks after planting soybean reduced corn yield 13%. At Rosemount, significant reduction of corn yield was observed with red clover (15–21%) interseeded in SCN‐susceptible soybean and with alfalfa (12%) and red clover (12%) interseeded in SCN‐resistant soybean at the time of planting soybean. The results suggest that an even later planting date of cover crops in soybean may reduce yield loss due to competition and make these cover crops more appropriate for use in the soybean‐corn rotation in Minnesota.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Susceptible soybean supported higher SCN density than resistant soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- SCN‐susceptible soybeane0
- Interactor
- SCNe0pest
- Outcome
- SCN population densitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- SCN‐resistant soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCN‐susceptible soybean supported higher SCN population density than SCN‐resistant soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover reduced SCN density by up to 40% at some occasions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- red clovere0
- Interactor
- SCNe0pest
- Outcome
- SCN population densitye0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- up to 40%e0
- Setting
- Lamberton and Rosemounte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of SCN population density by red clover (up to 40%) and alfalfa (up to 55%) was observed in some sampling occasions at Lamberton and Rosemount”
t0“Cover Crops Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Perennial Ryegrass on Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa reduced SCN density by up to 55% at some occasions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Interactor
- SCNe0pest
- Outcome
- SCN population densitye0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- up to 55%e0
- Setting
- Lamberton and Rosemounte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of SCN population density by red clover (up to 40%) and alfalfa (up to 55%) was observed in some sampling occasions at Lamberton and Rosemount”
t0“Cover Crops Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Perennial Ryegrass on Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither cover crop significantly reduced SCN at Waseca.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- two cropse0
- Interactor
- SCNe0pest
- Outcome
- SCN populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Setting
- Wasecae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant reduction of SCN population by the two crops was detected at Waseca”
t0“Cover Crops Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Perennial Ryegrass on Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass generally did not affect SCN density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- perennial ryegrasse0
- Interactor
- SCNe0pest
- Outcome
- SCN population densitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“perennial ryegrass did not affect SCN population density in most cases”
t0“Cover Crops Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Perennial Ryegrass on Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass raised egg density by up to 46% at Waseca.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- perennial ryegrass treatmente0
- Outcome
- egg population densitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- up to 46%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
- Setting
- Wasecae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up to 46% higher egg population densities were observed in the perennial ryegrass treatment as compared to the control at Waseca”
t0“Cover Crops Alfalfa, Red Clover, and Perennial Ryegrass on Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant soybean yielded more than susceptible soybean at all sites.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- SCN‐resistant soybeane0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- susceptible soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SCN‐resistant soybean produced higher yield than susceptible soybean at all sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa reduced soybean yield by up to 50% at Lamberton.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 50%e0
- Setting
- Lambertone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa reduced soybean yield at Lamberton (up to 50%) and Rosemount (up to 11%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa reduced soybean yield by up to 11% at Rosemount.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 11%e0
- Setting
- Rosemounte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa reduced soybean yield at Lamberton (up to 50%) and Rosemount (up to 11%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover reduced soybean yield by up to 38% at Lamberton.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- red clovere0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 38%e0
- Setting
- Lambertone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover and perennial ryegrass reduced soybean yield only at Lamberton (up to 38%) and Waseca (up to 34%), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass reduced soybean yield by up to 34% at Waseca.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- perennial ryegrasse0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 34%e0
- Setting
- Wasecae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover and perennial ryegrass reduced soybean yield only at Lamberton (up to 38%) and Waseca (up to 34%), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield did not differ at Waseca.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- No differencee0
- Setting
- Wasecae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No difference in corn yield was observed at Waseca”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa planted with soybean reduced next-year corn yield by 17% at Lamberton.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17e0
- Setting
- Lambertone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Lamberton, alfalfa and red clover planted at the time of planting soybean reduced corn yield in the following year 17 and 13%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover planted with soybean reduced next-year corn yield by 13% at Lamberton.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- red clovere0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13%e0
- Setting
- Lambertone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Lamberton, alfalfa and red clover planted at the time of planting soybean reduced corn yield in the following year 17 and 13%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial ryegrass planted two weeks later reduced corn yield by 13% at Lamberton.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- perennial ryegrass planted 2 wks after planting soybeane0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“perennial ryegrass planted 2 wks after planting soybean reduced corn yield 13%”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover in susceptible soybean reduced corn yield 15–21% at Rosemount.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- red clovere0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 15–21%e0
- Setting
- Rosemounte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At Rosemount, significant reduction of corn yield was observed with red clover (15–21%) interseeded in SCN‐susceptible soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa in resistant soybean reduced corn yield 12% at Rosemount.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Outcome
- cornt0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- SCN‐resistant soybeane0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa (12%) and red clover (12%) interseeded in SCN‐resistant soybean at the time of planting soybean”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover in resistant soybean reduced corn yield 12% at Rosemount.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- red clovere0
- Outcome
- soybeane0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- SCN‐resistant soybeane0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover (12%) interseeded in SCN‐resistant soybean at the time of planting soybean”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Later cover crop planting may reduce competition-related yield loss.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- later planting date of cover crops in soybeane0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an even later planting date of cover crops in soybean may reduce yield loss due to competition”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.