Abstract
During the last 40 years, crop breeding has strongly increased yields but has had adverse effects on the content of micronutrients, such as Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu, in edible products despite their sufficient supply in most soils. This suggests that micronutrient remobilization to edible tissues has been negatively selected. As a consequence, the aim of this work was to quantify the remobilization of Cu in leaves of Brassica napus L. during Cu deficiency and to identify the main metabolic processes that were affected so that improvements can be achieved in the future. While Cu deficiency reduced oilseed rape growth by less than 19% compared to control plants, Cu content in old leaves decreased by 61.4%, thus demonstrating a remobilization process between leaves. Cu deficiency also triggered an increase in Cu transporter expression in roots (COPT2) and leaves (HMA1), and more surprisingly, the induction of the MOT1 gene encoding a molybdenum transporter associated with a strong increase in molybdenum (Mo) uptake. Proteomic analysis of leaves revealed 33 proteins differentially regulated by Cu deficiency, among which more than half were located in chloroplasts. Eleven differentially expressed proteins are known to require Cu for their synthesis and/or activity. Enzymes that were located directly upstream or downstream of Cu-dependent enzymes were also differentially expressed. The overall results are then discussed in relation to remobilization of Cu, the interaction between Mo and Cu that occurs through the synthesis pathway of Mo cofactor, and finally their putative regulation within the Calvin cycle and the chloroplastic electron transport chain.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cu deficiency reduced oilseed rape growth by less than 19% versus controls.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- Cu deficiencye0
- Outcome
- oilseed rape growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- less than 19%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“While Cu deficiency reduced oilseed rape growth by less than 19% compared to control plants”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Cu deficiency, Cu content in old leaves fell by 61.4%.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- old leavese0
- Treatment
- Copper-Deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- Cu contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 61.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu content in old leaves decreased by 61.4%, thus demonstrating a remobilization process between leaves.”
t0“Copper-Deficiency in Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu deficiency increased root COPT2 expression.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Cu deficiencye0
- Gene
- COPT2e0
- Outcome
- Cu transporter expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu deficiency also triggered an increase in Cu transporter expression in roots (COPT2) and leaves (HMA1)”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu deficiency increased leaf HMA1 expression.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Cu deficiencye0
- Gene
- HMA1e0
- Outcome
- Cu transporter expressione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu deficiency also triggered an increase in Cu transporter expression in roots (COPT2) and leaves (HMA1)”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu deficiency induced MOT1.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Copper-Deficiencyt0
- Gene
- MOT1e0
- Outcome
- induction of the MOT1 genee0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the induction of the MOT1 gene encoding a molybdenum transporter”
t0“Copper-Deficiency in Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Cu deficiency was associated with a strong increase in molybdenum uptake.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Copper-Deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- molybdenum (Mo) uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“associated with a strong increase in molybdenum (Mo) uptake.”
t0“Copper-Deficiency in Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-three leaf proteins were differentially regulated by Cu deficiency.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Cu deficiencye0
- Outcome
- proteins differentially regulatede0
- Value
- 33 proteinse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteomic analysis of leaves revealed 33 proteins differentially regulated by Cu deficiency”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of differentially regulated proteins were chloroplast proteins.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- located in chloroplastse0
- Value
- more than halfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among which more than half were located in chloroplasts.”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven differentially expressed proteins require Cu for synthesis or activity.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed proteinse0
- Value
- Eleven differentially expressed proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eleven differentially expressed proteins are known to require Cu for their synthesis and/or activity.”
t0“Brassica napus”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymes directly adjacent to Cu-dependent enzymes in pathways were differentially expressed.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napust0
- Gene
- Enzymese0
- Outcome
- differentially expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enzymes that were located directly upstream or downstream of Cu-dependent enzymes were also differentially expressed.”
t0“Brassica napus”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.