Abstract
Glycine betaine (GB) is an effective compatible solute that improves the tolerance in plants to various stresses. We investigated the effects of 2 mM GB applied to the roots of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar on enhancing photosynthesis under low-temperature (LT) stress (5/5 °C, 12/12 h, 300 µmol m-2 s-1) and in the subsequent recovery (25/18 °C) from the stress. The net photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency measured as the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, and actual efficiency of the photochemistry of photosystem 2 as well as the ATPase activity in the thylakoid membrane decreased, and a distinct K step in the fluorescence transient O-J-I-P appeared under cold stress. Exogenous GB alleviated the decrease in all these parameters. The LT-stress induced the accumulation of 33-66 kDa polypeptides and decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the thylakoid membrane. In plants subjected to LT-stress, GB protected these polypeptides from damage and enhanced the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. An increase in non-radiative energy dissipation (NPQ) may be involved in the improvement of the function of the thylakoid membrane by GB since exogenous GB protected violaxanthin de-epoxidase and enhanced NPQ.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress decreased net photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency and actual PSII efficiency in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency measured as the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, and actual efficiency of the photochemistry of photosystem 2e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e1“The net photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency measured as the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, and actual efficiency of the photochemistry of photosystem 2 as well as the ATPase activity in the thylakoid membrane decreased, and a distinct K step in the fluorescence transient O-J-I-P appeared under cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress decreased thylakoid membrane ATPase activity in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- thylakoid membranee1
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- ATPase activity in the thylakoid membranee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e1“The net photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency measured as the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, and actual efficiency of the photochemistry of photosystem 2 as well as the ATPase activity in the thylakoid membrane decreased, and a distinct K step in the fluorescence transient O-J-I-P appeared under cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
A distinct K step in the fluorescence transient O-J-I-P appeared in tobacco leaves under cold stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- a distinct K step in the fluorescence transient O-J-I-Pe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e1“The net photosynthetic rate, intrinsic efficiency measured as the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, and actual efficiency of the photochemistry of photosystem 2 as well as the ATPase activity in the thylakoid membrane decreased, and a distinct K step in the fluorescence transient O-J-I-P appeared under cold stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous glycine betaine alleviated the cold-stress decrease in all these photosynthetic parameters.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivare0
- Treatment
- 2 mM GB applied to the rootse0
- Outcome
- all these parameterse2
- Direction
- alleviatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We investigated the effects of 2 mM GB applied to the roots of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar on enhancing photosynthesis”
e2“Exogenous GB alleviated the decrease in all these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature stress induced accumulation of 33-66 kDa polypeptides in tobacco thylakoid membrane.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- LT-stresse3
- Outcome
- 33-66 kDa polypeptidese3
- Direction
- induced the accumulation ofe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e3“The LT-stress induced the accumulation of 33-66 kDa polypeptides and decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the thylakoid membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature stress decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the tobacco thylakoid membrane.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- thylakoid membranee3
- Treatment
- LT-stresse3
- Outcome
- proportion of unsaturated fatty acidse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e3“The LT-stress induced the accumulation of 33-66 kDa polypeptides and decreased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the thylakoid membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine protected the 33-66 kDa polypeptides from damage in plants under low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- GBe4
- Outcome
- these polypeptidese4
- Direction
- protectede4
- Qualifier
- In plants subjected to LT-stresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e4“In plants subjected to LT-stress, GB protected these polypeptides from damage and enhanced the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine enhanced the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in plants under low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- GBe4
- Outcome
- the proportion of unsaturated fatty acidse4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Qualifier
- In plants subjected to LT-stresse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e4“In plants subjected to LT-stress, GB protected these polypeptides from damage and enhanced the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved thylakoid function under glycine betaine may involve increased non-radiative energy dissipation (NPQ) and protection of violaxanthin de-epoxidase.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous GBe5
- Gene
- violaxanthin de-epoxidasee5
- Outcome
- function of the thylakoid membranee5
- Qualifier
- non-radiative energy dissipation (NPQ)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e5“An increase in non-radiative energy dissipation (NPQ) may be involved in the improvement of the function of the thylakoid membrane by GB since exogenous GB protected violaxanthin de-epoxidase and enhanced NPQ”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous glycine betaine enhanced NPQ in tobacco under low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous GBe5
- Outcome
- NPQe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e5“An increase in non-radiative energy dissipation (NPQ) may be involved in the improvement of the function of the thylakoid membrane by GB since exogenous GB protected violaxanthin de-epoxidase and enhanced NPQ”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous glycine betaine protected violaxanthin de-epoxidase in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous GBe5
- Gene
- violaxanthin de-epoxidasee5
- Outcome
- violaxanthin de-epoxidasee5
- Direction
- protectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tobacco leaves”
e5“An increase in non-radiative energy dissipation (NPQ) may be involved in the improvement of the function of the thylakoid membrane by GB since exogenous GB protected violaxanthin de-epoxidase and enhanced NPQ”
The same questions in other papers
glycine betaine · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
cold · physiology: photosynthesis · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →cold · physiology: enzyme activity · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.