Abstract
Abstract In the mid‐1960‘s farmers were considering no‐plow tillage as a way to cut production costs and achieve more timely planting, and environmentalists were promoting conservation tillage as a primary means of cutting erosion losses. There was an obvious need for a more detailed evaluation of where no‐plow tillage methods were adapted in the Corn Belt. The objective of this research was to determine corn ( Zea mays L.) production potential of tillage systems that varied in amount of residue cover and surface roughness on a range of soil types and in different climatic situations. Chisel, till, strip rotary, and strip coulter planting systems were compared with conventional and limited tillage on plowed ground from 1967 through 1970. Experiments were located on sandy loam and loam soils in northern Indiana, silt loam and silty clay loam in eastern Indiana, and on a high silt soil in southern Indiana. There was a latitude range of 290 km in experiment locations. Percent stand was 80% or higher with all systems on sandy loam and loam soils. Chisel and rotary on silt loam, and wheel track, chisel, till and rotary systems on silty clay loam produced 65 to 70% stands and were significantly below conventional at the 5% level. Soil temperature at 10 cm for the first 8 weeks after planting for coulter vs conventional planting was 3.8 C lower in northern Indiana and 2.7 C lower in southern Indiana. However, mean soil temperature for all systems was 3.7 C higher in southern Indiana. Systems with intermediate tillage had intermediate soil temperatures. Corn growth at 8 weeks after planting with no‐plow systems was delayed in northern and eastern Indiana, compared to conventional tillage, with strip rotary and coulter systems having slowest growth. Coulter and strip rotary systems produced fastest corn growth from 4 to 8 weeks after planting in southern Indiana. Four‐year mean grain yields show a 1000 kg/ha advantage for till planting, but no significant variation among other systems on sandy loam (northern Indiana). The yield increase for till planting may have been due to the ridging done at cultivating time. Other systems were not cultivated. At the same location on poorly drained dark loam, yields from strip rotary and coulter systems were significantly lower, at the 5% level, than grain yields from other systems. On poorly drained fine‐textured soils in eastern Indiana, mean yields for all no‐plow systems were lower than mean yields for plow systems, partly due to poor weed control. Four‐year mean yields on the rolling silt loam soil in southern Indiana were not significantly different, although differences among systems within each of the 4 years were significant at the 5% level. Results indicate that with good management, chisel, till, strip, rotary, and coulter systems are adequately adapted on the rolling high silt soils of southern Indiana and on well‐drained loam or sandy loam soils in central and northern Indiana. The no‐plow systems, as used in these tests, were not adapted on poorly drained, fine‐textured soils, although chiseling appeared to be competitive with conventional tillage when stands were adequate.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Corn percent stand was 80% or higher with all tillage systems on sandy loam and loam soils.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- Percent stande0
- Value
- 80% or highere0
- Setting
- sandy loam and loam soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Percent stand was 80% or higher with all systems on sandy loam and loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel and rotary on silt loam, and wheel track, chisel, till and rotary on silty clay loam produced 65 to 70% stands, significantly below conventional at the 5% level.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Chisel and rotary on silt loam, and wheel track, chisel, till and rotary systems on silty clay loame0
- Outcome
- standse0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 65 to 70%e0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Chisel and rotary on silt loam, and wheel track, chisel, till and rotary systems on silty clay loam produced 65 to 70% stands and were significantly below conventional at the 5% level”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature at 10 cm for the first 8 weeks after planting was 3.8 C lower with coulter than conventional planting in northern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- coultere0
- Outcome
- Soil temperature at 10 cme0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 3.8 Ce0
- Comparator
- conventional plantinge0
- Setting
- northern Indianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Soil temperature at 10 cm for the first 8 weeks after planting for coulter vs conventional planting was 3.8 C lower in northern Indiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature at 10 cm for the first 8 weeks after planting was 2.7 C lower with coulter than conventional planting in southern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- coultere0
- Outcome
- Soil temperature at 10 cme0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.7 Ce0
- Comparator
- conventional plantinge0
- Setting
- southern Indianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Soil temperature at 10 cm for the first 8 weeks after planting for coulter vs conventional planting was 3.8 C lower in northern Indiana and 2.7 C lower in southern Indiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean soil temperature for all systems was 3.7 C higher in southern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- mean soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.7 Ce0
- Setting
- southern Indianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“mean soil temperature for all systems was 3.7 C higher in southern Indiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn growth at 8 weeks after planting was delayed with no-plow systems compared with conventional tillage in northern and eastern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- no‐plow systemse0
- Outcome
- Corn growth at 8 weeks after plantinge0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
- Setting
- northern and eastern Indianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Corn growth at 8 weeks after planting with no‐plow systems was delayed in northern and eastern Indiana, compared to conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip rotary and coulter systems had the slowest corn growth in northern and eastern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- strip rotary and coulter systemse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- sloweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“with strip rotary and coulter systems having slowest growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Coulter and strip rotary systems produced the fastest corn growth from 4 to 8 weeks after planting in southern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Coulter and strip rotary systemse0
- Outcome
- corn growthe0
- Direction
- fasteste0
- Setting
- southern Indianae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Coulter and strip rotary systems produced fastest corn growth from 4 to 8 weeks after planting in southern Indiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-year mean corn grain yield showed a 1000 kg/ha advantage for till planting on sandy loam in northern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- till plantinge0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Value
- 1000 kg/hae0
- Setting
- sandy loam (northern Indiana)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Four‐year mean grain yields show a 1000 kg/ha advantage for till planting”
e1“on sandy loam (northern Indiana)”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant variation in four-year mean grain yield among the other systems on sandy loam in northern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- other systemse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- no significant variatione0
- Setting
- sandy loam (northern Indiana)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Four‐year mean grain yields show a 1000 kg/ha advantage for till planting, but no significant variation among other systems on sandy loam (northern Indiana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the yield increase for till planting may have been due to ridging done at cultivating time.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- till plantinge0
- Outcome
- yield increasee0
- Qualifier
- ridging done at cultivating timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“The yield increase for till planting may have been due to the ridging done at cultivating time”
Claim · model-written summary
On poorly drained dark loam, yields from strip rotary and coulter systems were significantly lower (5% level) than yields from other systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- strip rotary and coulter systemse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other systemse0
- Setting
- poorly drained dark loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“At the same location on poorly drained dark loam, yields from strip rotary and coulter systems were significantly lower, at the 5% level, than grain yields from other systems”
Claim · model-written summary
On poorly drained fine-textured soils in eastern Indiana, mean yields for all no-plow systems were lower than for plow systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- all no‐plow systemse0
- Outcome
- mean yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- plow systemse0
- Setting
- poorly drained fine‐textured soils in eastern Indianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“On poorly drained fine‐textured soils in eastern Indiana, mean yields for all no‐plow systems were lower than mean yields for plow systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower no-plow yields on poorly drained fine-textured soils were partly attributed to poor weed control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Qualifier
- poor weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“On poorly drained fine‐textured soils in eastern Indiana, mean yields for all no‐plow systems were lower than mean yields for plow systems, partly due to poor weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-year mean yields on the rolling silt loam in southern Indiana were not significantly different among systems, although differences within each of the 4 years were significant at the 5% level.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- systemse0
- Outcome
- Four‐year mean yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Setting
- rolling silt loam soil in southern Indianae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“Four‐year mean yields on the rolling silt loam soil in southern Indiana were not significantly different, although differences among systems within each of the 4 years were significant at the 5% level”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that with good management chisel, till, strip, rotary and coulter systems are adequately adapted on rolling high silt soils of southern Indiana and well-drained loam or sandy loam soils in central and northern Indiana.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- adequately adaptede0
- Setting
- rolling high silt soils of southern Indianae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“with good management, chisel, till, strip, rotary, and coulter systems are adequately adapted on the rolling high silt soils of southern Indiana and on well‐drained loam or sandy loam soils in central and northern Indiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The no-plow systems as used were not adapted on poorly drained, fine-textured soils.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- not adaptede0
- Setting
- poorly drained, fine‐textured soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“The no‐plow systems, as used in these tests, were not adapted on poorly drained, fine‐textured soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Chiseling appeared competitive with conventional tillage on poorly drained fine-textured soils when stands were adequate.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- chiselinge0
- Outcome
- competitivee0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn”
e0“chiseling appeared to be competitive with conventional tillage when stands were adequate”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
811 papers in the same direction as this paper · 230 in the opposite direction · 57 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
1,095 papers more in this group
See all 1,099 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.