Abstract
In two concurrent field experiments, the effects of three types of soil cultivation and two patterns of nematode application were studied in order to investigate their effects on damage to winter wheat by slugs (assessed at Zadoks Growth Stage 12). In experiment 1, infective juveniles (IJs) of the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita were applied to soil as an overall spray or as a band spray (8-cm wide), centred on the drill rows (16.7-cm apart). Nematodes were either left undisturbed on the soil surface or harrowed into the soil immediately after application. The control provided by nematodes was compared with that provided by metaldehyde and methiocarb pellets broadcast at the recommended rate immediately after drilling. In this experiment, winter wheat on plots treated with IJs showed significantly less slug damage than on wheat plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets or untreated plots. There was no significant difference in plant damage between plots treated with band and overall spray applications of IJs, nor was there any significant difference between plots with and without harrowing. There was also no significant difference between untreated plots and plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets, probably because rainfall shortly after treatment rendered the pellets ineffective. In experiment 2, nematodes were applied as an overall spray or plots were not treated with nematodes before soil was cultivated with tines, Roterra or Dutzi cultivators. Nematode application before soil cultivation using tines or Roterra reduced the number of plants damaged significantly. However, nematodes applied before Dutzi cultivation appeared to be rendered ineffective. Damage to winter wheat was lowest in plots that had been sprayed with nematodes and subsequently cultivated with tines or Roterra. Keywords: NematodePhasmarhabditis HermaphroditaField TrialsBiological ControlSlugsWinter WheatSoil CultivationSpray ApplicationBand ApplicationMethiocarbMetaldehyde
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode treated winter wheat had significantly less slug damage than wheat treated with metaldehyde pellets.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- IJse0
- Interactor
- sluge0pest
- Second interactor
- Phasmarhabditis hermaphroditaPellioditis hermaphroditae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- slug damagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- metaldehydee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat on plots treated with IJs showed significantly less slug damage than on wheat plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets or untreated plots”
e1“nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode treated winter wheat had significantly less slug damage than wheat treated with methiocarb pellets.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- IJse0
- Interactor
- sluge0pest
- Second interactor
- Phasmarhabditis hermaphroditaPellioditis hermaphroditae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- slug damagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- methiocarb pelletse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat on plots treated with IJs showed significantly less slug damage than on wheat plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets or untreated plots”
e1“nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode treated winter wheat had significantly less slug damage than untreated plots.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- IJse0
- Interactor
- sluge0pest
- Second interactor
- Phasmarhabditis hermaphroditaPellioditis hermaphroditae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- slug damagee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat on plots treated with IJs showed significantly less slug damage than on wheat plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets or untreated plots”
e1“nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita”
Claim · model-written summary
Harrowing after nematode application did not significantly change plant damage.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- harrowinge0
- Outcome
- plant damagee1
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- without harrowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in plant damage between plots treated with band and overall spray applications of IJs, nor was there any significant difference between plots with and without harrowing”
e1“plant damage”
e2“damage to winter wheat by slugs”
Claim · model-written summary
Metaldehyde pellets did not significantly reduce plant damage versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- metaldehydee0
- Outcome
- plant damagee1
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also no significant difference between untreated plots and plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets”
e1“plant damage”
e2“damage to winter wheat by slugs”
Claim · model-written summary
Methiocarb pellets did not significantly reduce plant damage versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- methiocarb pelletse0
- Outcome
- plant damagee1
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also no significant difference between untreated plots and plots treated with metaldehyde or methiocarb pellets”
e1“plant damage”
e2“damage to winter wheat by slugs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode application before tine cultivation significantly reduced the number of damaged plants.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Nematode application before soil cultivation using tinese0
- Outcome
- number of plants damagede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nematode application before soil cultivation using tines or Roterra reduced the number of plants damaged significantly”
e1“damage to winter wheat by slugs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode application before Roterra cultivation significantly reduced the number of damaged plants.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Roterrae0
- Outcome
- number of plants damagede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nematode application before soil cultivation using tines or Roterra reduced the number of plants damaged significantly”
e1“damage to winter wheat by slugs”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematodes applied before Dutzi cultivation appeared ineffective.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- nematodes applied before Dutzi cultivatione0
- Outcome
- Damagee2
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nematodes applied before Dutzi cultivation appeared to be rendered ineffective”
e1“damage to winter wheat by slugs”
e2“Damage to winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage was lowest after nematode spray followed by tine cultivation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sprayed with nematodes and subsequently cultivated with tinese0
- Outcome
- Damagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to winter wheat was lowest in plots that had been sprayed with nematodes and subsequently cultivated with tines or Roterra”
Claim · model-written summary
Damage was lowest after nematode spray followed by Roterra cultivation.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Roterrae0
- Outcome
- Damagee0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Damage to winter wheat was lowest in plots that had been sprayed with nematodes and subsequently cultivated with tines or Roterra”
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See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.