Abstract
1. The terminal bud of the short perennial rhizone of Dionaea forms a scape which bears a cymose inflorescence of from two to fourteen actinomorphic, pentacyclic flowers. 2. The arrangement of the vascular bundles of the stamens in the receptacle of young flowers is considered as further proof of Payer's statement that the stamens develop respectively in alternipetalous and epipetalous whorls. Moreover, when more than ten stamens (five in each cycle) develop, the vascular bundle of one or more of the five epipetalous stamens is divided and supplies the additional stamen or stamens. This is not in accord with the view held by Payer that "dédoublement" may occur in either whorl. 3. The four microsporangia of each stamen develop in the usual manner. 4. In the early prophase of the microsporocytes, of which forty-eight to sixty develop in each sporangium, prochromosomes are discernible. 5. Each of the four nuclei resulting from the second meiotic division of the microsporocyte has fifteen haploid chromosomes. 6. The mature pollen grains hang together in tetrads and each contains six to eight large germinating pores. 7. The "paracarpous" ovary of Dionaea, which is composed of five carpels, develops numerous anatropous ovules on a basal placenta, with the tip of each slightly imbedded in a cup-shaped bolster of placental or receptacular tissue. 8. The outermost layer of cells of the second integument forms an outer seed coat of closely packed, radially elongated, heavy-walled, columnar cells; while those cells of the inner integument which overtop the nucellus form a lid or cover which is pushed off when the seed germinates. 9. The single vascular strand which extends to the chalazal end of each ovule shows no tendency to turn or twist in its course. 10. The outer layer of nucellar cells, except where it overtops the prothallial cells, increases enormously in radial dimension, surrounding a central strand of longitudinally elongated cells. 11. By division of the single hypodermal archesporial cell, two or at most three layers of parietal cells are formed above the embryo sac. 12. Rarely more than a single megaspore mother cell is developed; the mother cell divides to form two, then four potential megaspores; the divisions of the daughter cells do not necessarily occur simultaneously. 13. Usually, as in other angiosperms, the three micropylar potential megaspores degenerate and the chalazal one functions. In one instance the three basal spores degenerated and the micropylar one functioned. 14. The embryo sac resulting from three successive divisions of the functional megaspore contains, when ready for fertilization, the usual egg apparatus, polar nuclei, and antipodals. 15. The primary endosperm nucleus usually completes several mitoses before the fertilized egg divides to form the embryo and suspensor. 16. As the endosperm increases it progressively encroaches upon the surrounding nucellar tissue, and by the time that free nuclear division has ceased in the former all nucellar tissue has disappeared. 17. The mature seed contains a small basal embryo, consisting of two cotyledons and a short radicle surrounded by the cellular endosperm.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
The terminal bud forms a scape bearing two to fourteen flowers.
- Taxon
- Dionaea Muscipula
.jpg?width=60)
Dionaea muscipulat0 - Outcome
- scape which bears a cymose inflorescencee0
- Value
- from two to fourteene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The terminal bud of the short perennial rhizone of Dionaea forms a scape which bears a cymose inflorescence of from two to fourteen actinomorphic, pentacyclic flowers.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Young flower vascular bundles support stamen development in alternipetalous and epipetalous whorls.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- stamens develop respectively in alternipetalous and epipetalous whorlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The arrangement of the vascular bundles of the stamens in the receptacle of young flowers is considered as further proof of Payer's statement that the stamens develop respectively in alternipetalous and epipetalous whorls.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
When more than ten stamens develop, division of an epipetalous stamen vascular bundle supplies additional stamens.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- vascular bundle of one or more of the five epipetalous stamens is dividede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when more than ten stamens (five in each cycle) develop, the vascular bundle of one or more of the five epipetalous stamens is divided and supplies the additional stamen or stamens.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Each stamen develops four microsporangia in the usual manner.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- four microsporangia of each stamene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The four microsporangia of each stamen develop in the usual manner.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Forty-eight to sixty microsporocytes develop in each sporangium and have discernible prochromosomes in early prophase.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- prochromosomes are discerniblee0
- Value
- forty-eight to sixtye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the early prophase of the microsporocytes, of which forty-eight to sixty develop in each sporangium, prochromosomes are discernible.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Each of four nuclei after the second meiotic division has fifteen haploid chromosomes.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- fifteen haploid chromosomese0
- Value
- fifteen haploid chromosomese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Each of the four nuclei resulting from the second meiotic division of the microsporocyte has fifteen haploid chromosomes.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature pollen grains remain in tetrads and each has six to eight large germinating pores.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- pollen grains hang together in tetradse0
- Value
- six to eighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mature pollen grains hang together in tetrads and each contains six to eight large germinating pores.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The ovary has five carpels and produces numerous anatropous ovules on a basal placenta.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- numerous anatropous ovules on a basal placentae0
- Value
- five carpelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The "paracarpous" ovary of Dionaea, which is composed of five carpels, develops numerous anatropous ovules on a basal placenta, with the tip of each slightly imbedded in a cup-shaped bolster of placental or receptacular tissue.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The second integument outer layer forms a columnar outer seed coat.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- outer seed coat of closely packed, radially elongated, heavy-walled, columnar cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The outermost layer of cells of the second integument forms an outer seed coat of closely packed, radially elongated, heavy-walled, columnar cells”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The inner integument forms a lid pushed off at germination.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- lid or cover which is pushed off when the seed germinatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those cells of the inner integument which overtop the nucellus form a lid or cover which is pushed off when the seed germinates.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The single vascular strand to the chalazal end of each ovule does not twist.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- single vascular strand which extends to the chalazal end of each ovule shows no tendency to turn or twiste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The single vascular strand which extends to the chalazal end of each ovule shows no tendency to turn or twist in its course.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The nucellar outer cell layer expands radially around a central strand of elongated cells.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- outer layer of nucellar cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The outer layer of nucellar cells, except where it overtops the prothallial cells, increases enormously in radial dimension, surrounding a central strand of longitudinally elongated cells.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Division of one hypodermal archesporial cell forms two or three parietal layers above the embryo sac.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- layers of parietal cells are formed above the embryo sace0
- Value
- two or at most threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By division of the single hypodermal archesporial cell, two or at most three layers of parietal cells are formed above the embryo sac.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Usually one megaspore mother cell forms two then four potential megaspores, with daughter divisions not necessarily simultaneous.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- megaspore mother celle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rarely more than a single megaspore mother cell is developed; the mother cell divides to form two, then four potential megaspores; the divisions of the daughter cells do not necessarily occur simultaneously.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Usually three micropylar megaspores degenerate and the chalazal one functions, with one reversed instance.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- three micropylar potential megaspores degenerate and the chalazal one functionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Usually, as in other angiosperms, the three micropylar potential megaspores degenerate and the chalazal one functions. In one instance the three basal spores degenerated and the micropylar one functioned.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Three divisions of the functional megaspore produce an embryo sac with egg apparatus, polar nuclei, and antipodals.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- embryo sac resulting from three successive divisionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The embryo sac resulting from three successive divisions of the functional megaspore contains, when ready for fertilization, the usual egg apparatus, polar nuclei, and antipodals.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The primary endosperm nucleus usually divides several times before the fertilized egg forms the embryo and suspensor.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- primary endosperm nucleus usually completes several mitosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The primary endosperm nucleus usually completes several mitoses before the fertilized egg divides to form the embryo and suspensor.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing endosperm displaces all nucellar tissue by the end of free nuclear division.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- all nucellar tissue has disappearede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As the endosperm increases it progressively encroaches upon the surrounding nucellar tissue, and by the time that free nuclear division has ceased in the former all nucellar tissue has disappeared.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”
Claim · model-written summary
The mature seed has a basal embryo with two cotyledons and a short radicle surrounded by cellular endosperm.
- Taxon
- Dionaea MuscipulaDionaea muscipulat0
- Outcome
- small basal embryo, consisting of two cotyledons and a short radiclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mature seed contains a small basal embryo, consisting of two cotyledons and a short radicle surrounded by the cellular endosperm.”
t0“Dionaea Muscipula”