Abstract
Abstract A rapid cycling population of Brassica rapa L. was grown hydroponically and subjected to solution zinc (Zn) concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 200 mg L−1. The objectives of the study were to determine how available Zn affected plant growth, and the accumulation of Zn, total sulfur (S), sulfate (SO4 2−) in B. rapa shoots. Plants exposed to Zn levels above 5 mg L−1 exhibited mild visual toxicity symptoms as well as stunted root and shoot growth. Plants exposed to Zn levels ≥50 mg L−1 had chronic toxicity symptoms after several days of exposure and did not measurably grow. Mineral analysis showed that Zn accumulated linearly in plant shoots in response to increasing Zn, despite the expression of varying levels of Zn toxicity symptoms. Total shoot S and SO4 2− accumulated at amounts greater than the control when exposed to Zn levels ≥25 mg L−1 Zn; even though solution S did not vary among treatments. At the higher Zn concentrations, shoot S did not differ from the control. Additionally, SO4 2− was responsible for the nearly all the S measured regardless of Zn exposure. This suggests that Zn uptake and accumulation differs from S when exposed to increasing Zn availability.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Zn above 5 mg L−1 caused mild visual toxicity symptoms in Brassica rapa.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaL
Brassica rapat0 - Treatment
- Zn levels above 5 mg L−1e0
- Outcome
- mild visual toxicity symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to Zn levels above 5 mg L−1 exhibited mild visual toxicity symptoms as well as stunted root and shoot growth.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn above 5 mg L−1 stunted root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Zn levels above 5 mg L−1e0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- stuntede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to Zn levels above 5 mg L−1 exhibited mild visual toxicity symptoms as well as stunted root and shoot growth.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn at or above 50 mg L−1 caused chronic toxicity symptoms after several days.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Zn levels ≥50 mg L−1e0
- Outcome
- chronic toxicity symptomse0
- Qualifier
- after several days of exposuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to Zn levels ≥50 mg L−1 had chronic toxicity symptoms after several days of exposure and did not measurably grow.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants exposed to Zn at or above 50 mg L−1 did not measurably grow.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Zn levels ≥50 mg L−1e0
- Outcome
- growe0
- Direction
- did not measurably growe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to Zn levels ≥50 mg L−1 had chronic toxicity symptoms after several days of exposure and did not measurably grow.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Zn accumulated linearly with increasing solution Zn despite differing toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Organ / stage
- plant shootse0
- Treatment
- increasing Zne0
- Outcome
- Zn accumulated linearly in plant shootse0
- Direction
- accumulated linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn accumulated linearly in plant shoots in response to increasing Zn, despite the expression of varying levels of Zn toxicity symptoms.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot total S accumulated above control levels at Zn of at least 25 mg L−1.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Zn levels ≥25 mg L−1 Zne0
- Outcome
- Total shoot Se0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total shoot S and SO4 2− accumulated at amounts greater than the control when exposed to Zn levels ≥25 mg L−1 Zn”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot sulfate accumulated above control levels at Zn of at least 25 mg L−1.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Treatment
- Zn levels ≥25 mg L−1 Zne0
- Outcome
- SO4 2−e0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total shoot S and SO4 2− accumulated at amounts greater than the control when exposed to Zn levels ≥25 mg L−1 Zn”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher Zn concentrations, shoot S did not differ from the control.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Treatment
- higher Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- shoot Se0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the higher Zn concentrations, shoot S did not differ from the control.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfate accounted for nearly all measured S across Zn exposures.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Outcome
- SO4 2− was responsible for the nearly all the S measurede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of Zn exposuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SO4 2− was responsible for the nearly all the S measured regardless of Zn exposure.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that Zn uptake and accumulation differ from S under increasing Zn availability.
- Taxon
- Brassica rapaLBrassica rapat0
- Outcome
- Zn uptake and accumulation differs from Se0
- Qualifier
- increasing Zn availabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn uptake and accumulation differs from S when exposed to increasing Zn availability.”
t0“Brassica rapaL”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · growth · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 19 papers →zinc atom · crop injury · Brassica rapa (field mustard)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.