Abstract
Seedlings of 12 provenances of European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) were exposed to ambient, non‐filtered air (NF) or NF+50 nl l −1 ozone (NF50) for 8 h d −1 in open‐top chambers (OTCs), from 1 June to 4 October 1995. In 1996 exposure was continued from 31 May to 1 October at four levels: charcoal‐filtered air (CF), NF, NF50 and NF+100 nl l −1 ozone (NF100). Provenances were grown for both seasons in outside reference plots. All treatments were replicated. Ozone did not affect gas exchange in the provenances until late in the second season. NF100 reduced photosynthesis by 18% in August 1996 compared to CF. In September, photosynthesis was reduced by 22% in NF50 and by 29% in NF100. After two seasons, ozone reduced the root:shoot ratio by 24% when comparing CF and NF100; this was caused by reductions in the root biomass. Ozone did not affect height growth or stem diameter, and there were no ozone×provenance interactions for any growth parameter. There was, however, a significant ozone×provenance interaction for photosynthesis, showing northwest European provenances to be more sensitive to ozone than southeast European provenances when comparing dose–response estimates. This is interpreted in terms of genetic adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to regional growing conditions. Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root:shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside. Increased temperature and decreased PAR inside the chambers relative to the outside were probably the main causes for the differences. The magnitude of the chamber effects in OTCs raises doubts about conclusions drawn from ozone exposures in such chambers. This and previous ozone experiments with OTCs may have reached inaccurate conclusions concerning the size of ozone responses due to chamber effects.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not affect gas exchange until late in the second season.
- Taxon
- European beech
Fagus sylvaticat0 - Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- gas exchangee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone did not affect gas exchange in the provenances until late in the second season.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
NF100 reduced photosynthesis by 18% in August 1996 against CF.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- NF100e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NF100 reduced photosynthesis by 18% in August 1996 compared to CF.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
NF50 reduced photosynthesis by 22% in September.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- NF50e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In September, photosynthesis was reduced by 22% in NF50 and by 29% in NF100.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
NF100 reduced photosynthesis by 29% in September.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- NF100e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In September, photosynthesis was reduced by 22% in NF50 and by 29% in NF100.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced root:shoot ratio by 24% after two seasons.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- root:shoot ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- CFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After two seasons, ozone reduced the root:shoot ratio by 24% when comparing CF and NF100; this was caused by reductions in the root biomass.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced root biomass.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After two seasons, ozone reduced the root:shoot ratio by 24% when comparing CF and NF100; this was caused by reductions in the root biomass.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone did not affect height growth or stem diameter.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- Ozonee0
- Outcome
- height growth or stem diametere0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ozone did not affect height growth or stem diameter”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
No ozone by provenance interaction appeared for growth parameters.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- ozonee0
- Outcome
- growth parametere0
- Direction
- noe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no ozone×provenance interactions for any growth parameter”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Northwest European provenances were more ozone sensitive in photosynthesis than southeast provenances.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Material
- northwest European provenancese0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- southeast European provenancese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was, however, a significant ozone×provenance interaction for photosynthesis, showing northwest European provenances to be more sensitive to ozone than southeast European provenances when comparing dose–response estimates.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Chamber seedlings grew 45% taller than outside seedlings.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- chamberse0
- Outcome
- tallere0
- Direction
- tallere0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- seedlings outsidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root:shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Chamber seedlings had 28% more shoot biomass.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- chamberse0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 28%e0
- Comparator
- seedlings outsidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root:shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Chamber seedlings had 29% smaller root biomass.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- chamberse0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- seedlings outsidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root:shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside.”
t0“European beech”
Claim · model-written summary
Chambers reduced root:shoot ratios by 44%.
- Taxon
- European beechFagus sylvaticat0
- Treatment
- chamberse0
- Outcome
- root:shoot ratiose0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- seedlings outsidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings in the chambers grew 45% taller, and had 28% more shoot biomass and 29% smaller root biomass, resulting in a 44% reduction of root:shoot ratios compared to seedlings outside.”
t0“European beech”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · physiology: photosynthesis · Fagus sylvatica (European beech)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →ozone · physiology: gas exchange · Fagus sylvatica (European beech)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
ozone · growth · Fagus sylvatica (European beech)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.