Abstract
A review of biological information is provided for Raphanus raphanistrum L. Native to the Mediterranean region, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. In Canada, it currently occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitoba, has only a limited distribution in Alberta, and is also absent from the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. It is most abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific regions and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritime provinces and Quebec. A persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. It can easily hybridize with cultivated radish, R. sativus L., and commonly does so when they occur together. Limited hybridization with canola, Brassica napus L., has been reported from several experimental field and greenhouse trials. Selective herbicide control is most difficult in canola and other cruciferous crops. It is the most important dicot weed in the southwestern region of Australia, primarily due to the evolution of several different herbicide-resistant biotypes. These include biotypes resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors (group 2 herbicides) and/or photosystem II-inhibitors (group 5), and a biotype with multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican). A biotype resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron has also been detected in South Africa. Key words: Wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum, herbicide resistance, canola, hybridization, RAPRA
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The species is introduced and naturalized widely in temperate regions.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.
_Raphanus_raphanistrum_-_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Raphanus raphanistrumt0 - Outcome
- widely introduced and naturalizede0
- Setting
- temperate regions around the worlde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Raphanus_raphanistrum_-_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Native to the Mediterranean region, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
In Canada, it is absent from Saskatchewan, Manitoba and the northern territories, with limited distribution in Alberta.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitobae0
- Qualifier
- limited distribution in Albertae0
- Setting
- Canadae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Canada, it currently occurs in all provinces except Saskatchewan and Manitoba, has only a limited distribution in Alberta, and is also absent from the Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
It is most abundant in Atlantic and Pacific Canada and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritimes and Quebec.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- important weed of field cropse0
- Setting
- Maritime provinces and Quebece0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is most abundant in the Atlantic and Pacific regions and is an important weed of field crops in the Maritime provinces and Quebec.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
A persistent seed bank, competitive annual habit and high fecundity contribute to its weediness.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- weedy naturee0
- Qualifier
- persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecunditye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A persistent seed bank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
It commonly hybridizes with cultivated radish where both occur.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Interactor
- R. sativus L.
Raphanus sativuse0othert0 - Outcome
- hybridize with cultivated radishe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It can easily hybridize with cultivated radish, R. sativus L., and commonly does so when they occur together.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited hybridization with canola has been reported from field and greenhouse trials.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Interactor
- Brassica napus L.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0othert0 - Outcome
- Limited hybridization with canolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Limited hybridization with canola, Brassica napus L., has been reported from several experimental field and greenhouse trials.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Selective herbicide control is most difficult in canola and other cruciferous crops.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Interactor
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0othert0 - Outcome
- Selective herbicide controle0
- Direction
- most difficulte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Selective herbicide control is most difficult in canola and other cruciferous crops.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The weed is the most important dicot weed in southwestern Australia due primarily to herbicide-resistant biotypes.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- most important dicot weede0
- Qualifier
- evolution of several different herbicide-resistant biotypese0
- Setting
- southwestern region of Australiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is the most important dicot weed in the southwestern region of Australia, primarily due to the evolution of several different herbicide-resistant biotypes.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biotypes resist ALS and/or photosystem II inhibitors.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- biotypes resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors (group 2 herbicides) and/or photosystem II-inhibitors (group 5)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These include biotypes resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors (group 2 herbicides) and/or photosystem II-inhibitors (group 5), and a biotype with multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican).”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
A biotype resists ALS inhibitors, photosystem II inhibitors, 2,4-D amine and diflufenican.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a biotype with multiple resistance to ALS-inhibitors, photosystem II-inhibitors, an auxin (2,4-D amine), and a phytoene desaturase (PSDS)-inhibitor (diflufenican).”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
A chlorsulfuron-resistant biotype was detected in South Africa.
- Taxon
- Raphanus raphanistrum L.Raphanus raphanistrumt0
- Outcome
- biotype resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfurone0
- Setting
- South Africae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A biotype resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron has also been detected in South Africa.”
t0“Raphanus raphanistrum L.”