Abstract
Forages grown in rotation with or without cereals to sustain dryland soil water content and crop production may influence N dynamics. We evaluated the effect of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) and durum ( Triticum turgidum L.)–annual forage cropping sequences on above‐ (stems + leaves) and belowground (roots) biomass N, dryland soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH 4 –N, and NO 3 –N contents at the 0‐ to 120‐cm depth in northeastern Montana from 2002 to 2005. Cropping sequences were continuous alfalfa (CA), durum–barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) hay (D‐B), durum–foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L.) hay (D‐M), durum–Austrian winter pea ( Pisum sativum L.)/barley mixture hay (D‐P/B), and durum–fallow (D‐F). From 2002 to 2005, total above‐ and belowground biomass N was 20 to 97 kg N ha −1 greater under CA than other treatments. In 2005, STN, PON, and PNM were 7 to 490 kg N ha −1 greater under CA than D‐M, D‐B, and D‐P/B at 0 to 30 cm but varied by treatment at other depths. In contrast, MBN at 0 to 15 cm and NH 4 –N content at 30 to 90 cm were 23 to 37 kg N ha −1 greater under D‐B than D‐M and D‐F. The NO 3 –N content at 0 to 120 cm was 65 to 107 kg N ha −1 greater under D‐P/B than other treatments. Even though haying removed a greater amount of N, alfalfa increased surface soil N storage and mineralization and reduced the potential for N leaching compared with durum–annual forages, probably due to increased root growth or N 2 fixation. Durum–pea/barley hay, however, increased N mineralization and availability in subsoil layers, probably due to greater root N concentration or downward movement of water‐soluble N.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous alfalfa had 20 to 97 kg N ha −1 more above- and belowground biomass nitrogen.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- total above‐ and belowground biomass Ne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 20 to 97 kg N ha −1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total above‐ and belowground biomass N was 20 to 97 kg N ha −1 greater under CA than other treatments.”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous alfalfa had greater surface soil total nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen and potential mineralization.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- STN, PON, and PNMe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 7 to 490 kg N ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- at 0 to 30 cme0
- Comparator
- D‐M, D‐B, and D‐P/Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“STN, PON, and PNM were 7 to 490 kg N ha −1 greater under CA than D‐M, D‐B, and D‐P/B at 0 to 30 cm”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum–barley had greater microbial biomass nitrogen at 0 to 15 cm.
Verbatim
e0“MBN at 0 to 15 cm and NH 4 –N content at 30 to 90 cm were 23 to 37 kg N ha −1 greater under D‐B than D‐M and D‐F.”
t0“Durum”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum–barley had greater ammonium nitrogen at 30 to 90 cm.
Verbatim
e0“MBN at 0 to 15 cm and NH 4 –N content at 30 to 90 cm were 23 to 37 kg N ha −1 greater under D‐B than D‐M and D‐F.”
t0“Durum”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum–pea/barley had greater nitrate nitrogen through 120 cm.
Verbatim
e0“The NO 3 –N content at 0 to 120 cm was 65 to 107 kg N ha −1 greater under D‐P/B than other treatments.”
t0“Durum”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa increased surface soil nitrogen storage and mineralization relative to durum–annual forages.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Outcome
- surface soil N storage and mineralizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- durum–annual foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa increased surface soil N storage and mineralization and reduced the potential for N leaching compared with durum–annual forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa reduced potential nitrogen leaching relative to durum–annual forages.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- alfalfae0
- Outcome
- potential for N leachinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- durum–annual foragese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa increased surface soil N storage and mineralization and reduced the potential for N leaching compared with durum–annual forages”
Claim · model-written summary
Durum–pea/barley hay increased subsoil nitrogen mineralization and availability.
- Taxon
- Durume0
- Treatment
- Durum–pea/barley haye0
- Outcome
- N mineralization and availabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in subsoil layerse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Durum–pea/barley hay, however, increased N mineralization and availability in subsoil layers”
The same questions in other papers
rotation · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
rotation · nutrient: content · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.