Abstract
Five inland halophytes, Atriplex prostrata, Hordeum jubatum, Salicornia europaea, Spergularia marina, and Suaeda calceoliformis, were grown in controlled laboratory conditions under three salinity treatments (0.5, 1.5, and 2.5% NaCl) and three density treatments (5, 15, and 30 plants∙100 cm −2 ) to determine the effects of salinity and density on survival, growth, and ion accumulation. The more salt sensitive species, A. prostrata and H. jubatum, had significant (P < 0.05) density-dependent mortality. Density significantly reduced biomass production for all species, except for H. jubatum in the high-salinity treatment. Succulence in Suaeda calceoliformis shoots increased in the high-salinity treatment, but H. jubatum plants were desiccated at the time of harvest. The ash, sodium, and chloride contents of shoots increased with salinity for all species. Sodium and Cl − ion contents for all species –treatment combinations were an order of magnitude higher than that of Mg 2 + , Ca 2+ , and K. Although A. prostrata, Salicornia europaea, and Suaeda calceoliformis accumulated similar levels of Na + in their shoots, Suaeda calceoliformis plants from the two higher densities in the low-salinity treatment accumulated twice as much total Na + per pot than A. prostrata, and seven times more Na + than Salicornia europaea. Based on these laboratory studies, Suaeda calceoliformis planted in densities ranging from 15 to 30 plants∙100 cm −2 would accumulate more Na + from saline-contaminated soils than the other species. Key words: bioremediation, Atriplex, Hordeum, Salicornia, Spergularia, Suaeda..
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A. prostrata had significant density-dependent mortality.
- Taxon
- A. prostrata
Atriplex prostratae0 - Treatment
- densitye0
- Outcome
- density-dependent mortalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The more salt sensitive species, A. prostrata and H. jubatum, had significant (P < 0.05) density-dependent mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
H. jubatum had significant density-dependent mortality.
- Taxon
- H. jubatum
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum jubatume0 - Treatment
- densitye0
- Outcome
- density-dependent mortalitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The more salt sensitive species, A. prostrata and H. jubatum, had significant (P < 0.05) density-dependent mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Density significantly reduced biomass for four species.
- Taxon
- five inland halophytic speciest0
- Treatment
- Densitye0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- except for H. jubatum in the high-salinity treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Density significantly reduced biomass production for all species, except for H. jubatum in the high-salinity treatment”
t0“five inland halophytic species”
Claim · model-written summary
H. jubatum was an exception to the density reduction in biomass at high salinity.
- Taxon
- H. jubatumHordeum jubatume0
- Treatment
- Densitye1
- Outcome
- biomass productione1
- Qualifier
- high-salinity treatmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for H. jubatum in the high-salinity treatment”
e1“Density significantly reduced biomass production”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity increased shoot succulence in Suaeda calceoliformis.
- Taxon
- Suaeda calceoliformis
.jpg?width=60)
Suaeda calceoliformise0 - Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- high-salinity treatmente0
- Outcome
- Succulencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Succulence in Suaeda calceoliformis shoots increased in the high-salinity treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
H. jubatum plants were desiccated at harvest.
- Taxon
- H. jubatumHordeum jubatume0
- Outcome
- desiccated at the time of harveste0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H. jubatum plants were desiccated at the time of harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot ash, sodium and chloride contents increased with salinity in all species.
- Taxon
- five inland halophytic speciest0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- ash, sodium, and chloride contents of shootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The ash, sodium, and chloride contents of shoots increased with salinity for all species”
t0“five inland halophytic species”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium and chloride contents were an order of magnitude higher than Mg, Ca and K.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and Cl − ion contents for all species –treatment combinations were an order of magnitude higher than that of Mg 2 + , Ca 2+ , and K”
t0“five inland halophytic species”
Claim · model-written summary
Three halophytes accumulated similar shoot sodium levels.
- Taxon
- A. prostrataAtriplex prostratae0
- Outcome
- levels of Na + in their shootse0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. prostrata, Salicornia europaea, and Suaeda calceoliformis accumulated similar levels of Na + in their shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Suaeda accumulated twice the sodium per pot of A. prostrata under higher density and low salinity.
- Taxon
- Suaeda calceoliformisSuaeda calceoliformise0
- Outcome
- total Na + per pote0
- Direction
- twice as muche0
- Value
- twicee0
- Comparator
- A. prostratae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suaeda calceoliformis plants from the two higher densities in the low-salinity treatment accumulated twice as much total Na + per pot than A. prostrata”
Claim · model-written summary
Suaeda accumulated seven times the sodium per pot of Salicornia under higher density and low salinity.
- Taxon
- Suaeda calceoliformisSuaeda calceoliformise0
- Outcome
- Na +e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- seven timese0
- Comparator
- Salicornia europaeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suaeda calceoliformis plants from the two higher densities in the low-salinity treatment accumulated twice as much total Na + per pot than A. prostrata, and seven times more Na + than Salicornia europaea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Suaeda at 15 to 30 plants per 100 cm2 for sodium accumulation.
- Taxon
- Suaeda calceoliformisSuaeda calceoliformise0
- Treatment
- densities ranging from 15 to 30 plants∙100 cm −2e0
- Outcome
- accumulate more Na + from saline-contaminated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Suaeda calceoliformis planted in densities ranging from 15 to 30 plants∙100 cm −2 would accumulate more Na + from saline-contaminated soils than the other species”