Abstract
Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya) and Cymbidium Sazanami plants grown in a shaded greenhouse, kept between 18 and 28°C, were exposed to full sunlight (FS, 0.61kW·m-2) on 21st October, whereas others were grown under 70% (high radiant flux), 40% (control) and 10% (low radiant flux) full sunlight from May to October. 1. Activities of foliar antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), were much more in a CAM plant, Cattleya than in a C3 plant, Cymbidium ; those enzyme activities increased slightly in the daytime in the former and at the beginning of night in the latter. FS reduced SOD activity but greatly enhanced CAT activity and slightly promoted APX activity in Cattleya leaves, whereas the same radiant flux on Cymbidium leaves resulted in a big decreased in SOD and CAT activities and a slight one in APX activity. The decrease is attributed to light stress. 2. One month after the onset of the shading treatment, SOD and CAT activities in Cattleya leaves at the high radiant flux decreased significantly compared with those of the control and remained at low levels ; CAT activity, however, recovered slightly with further cultivation. In Cymbidium leaves under a high radiant flux, SOD, APX and CAT activities decreased for three months from the onset and of the experiment. At the low radiant flux, APX and CAT activities in Cattleya and Cymbidium leaves increased and sustained their high activities during further cultivation with the exception of SOD of Cattleya. 3. Foliar chlorophyll contents in both orchid hybrids decreased with an increasing radiant flux, yielding high positive correlations to those three enzyme activities. Ratios of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and β-carotene contents in leaves of Cattleya plants grown at the high radiant flux were markedly low after one month from the onset of shading, but they increased to the same levels as the control after 3 months. In Cymbidium leaves, the ratios and β-carotene contents decreased slightly at the high radiant flux, while at the low radiant flux, both chlorophyll and β-carotene contents increased greatly. Thus, Cattleya plants have a greater potential to adapt to high radiant fluxes than do Cymbidium plants, although these two orchids hybrids do not easily acclimatize to high radiant radiant fluxes but they do readily to low fluxes.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidative enzyme activities were greater in Cattleya than Cymbidium.
CattleyaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of foliar antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), were much more in a CAM plant, Cattleya than in a C3 plant, Cymbidium”
t0“Cattleya and Cymbidium Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cattleya, enzyme activities rose slightly during daytime.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those enzyme activities increased slightly in the daytime in the former”
t0“Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Cymbidium, enzyme activities rose at the start of night.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“at the beginning of night in the latter”
t0“Cymbidium Sazanami”
Claim · model-written summary
Full sunlight reduced SOD activity in Cattleya leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FS reduced SOD activity but greatly enhanced CAT activity and slightly promoted APX activity in Cattleya leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Full sunlight greatly enhanced CAT activity in Cattleya leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FS reduced SOD activity but greatly enhanced CAT activity and slightly promoted APX activity in Cattleya leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Full sunlight slightly promoted APX activity in Cattleya leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FS reduced SOD activity but greatly enhanced CAT activity and slightly promoted APX activity in Cattleya leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Full sunlight decreased SOD and CAT activities in Cymbidium leaves.
CymbidiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same radiant flux on Cymbidium leaves resulted in a big decreased in SOD and CAT activities and a slight one in APX activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Full sunlight slightly decreased APX activity in Cymbidium leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same radiant flux on Cymbidium leaves resulted in a big decreased in SOD and CAT activities and a slight one in APX activity”
Claim · model-written summary
High radiant flux significantly decreased SOD and CAT activities in Cattleya leaves relative to control after one month.
- Treatment
- high radiant fluxe0
- Outcome
- SOD and CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- One month after the onset of the shading treatmente0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One month after the onset of the shading treatment, SOD and CAT activities in Cattleya leaves at the high radiant flux decreased significantly compared with those of the control and remained at low levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattleya CAT activity recovered slightly during further cultivation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAT activity, however, recovered slightly with further cultivation”
t0“Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya)”
Claim · model-written summary
High radiant flux decreased SOD, APX and CAT activities in Cymbidium leaves over three months.
- Treatment
- high radiant fluxe0
- Outcome
- SOD, APX and CAT activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- for three monthse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Cymbidium leaves under a high radiant flux, SOD, APX and CAT activities decreased for three months from the onset and of the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Low radiant flux increased and sustained APX and CAT activities in Cattleya and Cymbidium leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the low radiant flux, APX and CAT activities in Cattleya and Cymbidium leaves increased and sustained their high activities during further cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chlorophyll contents declined as radiant flux increased in both orchid hybrids.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar chlorophyll contents in both orchid hybrids decreased with an increasing radiant flux”
t0“Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar chlorophyll contents were positively correlated with the three enzyme activities.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yielding high positive correlations to those three enzyme activities”
t0“Changes in Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes and Pigment Contents in Leaves of Cattleya and Cymbidium Plants Subjected to Different Light Intensities”
e1“Foliar chlorophyll contents in both orchid hybrids decreased with an increasing radiant flux”
t1“Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya)”
Claim · model-written summary
High radiant flux initially lowered the chlorophyll a to b ratio and beta-carotene content in Cattleya, which recovered by three months.
- Treatment
- high radiant fluxe0
- Outcome
- Ratios of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and β-carotene contentse0
- Direction
- markedly lowe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ratios of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b and β-carotene contents in leaves of Cattleya plants grown at the high radiant flux were markedly low after one month from the onset of shading, but they increased to the same levels as the control after 3 months”
Claim · model-written summary
High radiant flux slightly decreased chlorophyll a to b ratio and beta-carotene content in Cymbidium leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Cymbidium leaves, the ratios and β-carotene contents decreased slightly at the high radiant flux”
Claim · model-written summary
Low radiant flux greatly increased chlorophyll and beta-carotene contents in Cymbidium.
- Taxon
- Cymbidium Sazanamit0
- Treatment
- low radiant fluxe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and β-carotene contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“at the low radiant flux, both chlorophyll and β-carotene contents increased greatly”
t0“Cymbidium Sazanami”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattleya was interpreted as better adapted to high radiant flux than Cymbidium.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cattleya plants have a greater potential to adapt to high radiant fluxes than do Cymbidium plants”