Abstract
Knowledge of optimal combinations of graminicide rate and stage of application could improve the effectiveness and net benefit of commonly used graminicides. A study was conducted at two locations in Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1994 to 1997. Factorial combinations of five graminicides (CGA 184927, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, ICIA 0604, imazamethabenz, and flamprop-methyl), three graminicide rates (full, two-thirds, and one-third recommended label rate), and three leaf stages of wild oat (Avena fatua; two-, four-, and six-leaf) were compared to determine their effect on wild oat fresh weight, wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed yield, and net return. Wild oat fresh weight increased and wheat seed yield decreased to a greater extent at Saskatoon (median wild oat fresh weight of 56 g/m2) than at Scott (median wild oat fresh weight of 85 g/m2) when graminicide rate was reduced from the recommended label rate. Net return consistently decreased at both locations and among all graminicides when application rate was reduced from two-thirds to one-third of the recommended label rate. Imazamethabenz applied at progressively later growth stages caused greater wild oat fresh weight at both locations and reduced wheat yield and net return. Applying other graminicides at the earliest (two-leaf) stage of wild oat generally resulted in more or similar levels of wild oat fresh weight compared with delayed applications, especially at Saskatoon. With the exception of imazamethabenz, crop yield and net return were unaffected by leaf stage at both locations. The optimal graminicide rate is mostly dependent on the level of wild oat infestation, and the best time to control wild oat is dependent mostly on the particular graminicide.Nomenclature: CGA 184927 (proposed common name, clodinafop propargyl), 2-propynyl-(R)-2-[4-(5-chloro-3-fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-phenoxy]-propionate; fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid; flamprop-methyl, N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine; imazamethabenz, (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4(and 5)-methylbenzoic acid (3:2); ICIA 0604 (proposed common name, tralkoxydim), 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)propyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclohex-2-enone; wild oat, Avena fatua L. #3 AVEFA; hard red spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘CDC Makwa’ and ‘CDC Teal.’Additional index words: Graminicides, leaf stage, application parameters, weed interference, economic return.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing herbicide rate increased wild oat fresh weight more at Saskatoon than Scott.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- graminicide rate was reducede0
- Interactor
- Wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- Wild oat fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- than at Scotte0
- Comparator
- recommended label ratee0
- Setting
- Saskatoone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild oat fresh weight increased and wheat seed yield decreased to a greater extent at Saskatoon (median wild oat fresh weight of 56 g/m2) than at Scott (median wild oat fresh weight of 85 g/m2) when graminicide rate was reduced from the recommended label rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing herbicide rate decreased wheat seed yield more at Saskatoon than Scott.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- graminicide rate was reducede0
- Interactor
- Wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wheat seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- than at Scotte0
- Comparator
- recommended label ratee0
- Setting
- Saskatoone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wild oat fresh weight increased and wheat seed yield decreased to a greater extent at Saskatoon (median wild oat fresh weight of 56 g/m2) than at Scott (median wild oat fresh weight of 85 g/m2) when graminicide rate was reduced from the recommended label rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing the rate from two-thirds to one-third decreased net return.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- one-third of the recommended label ratee0
- Outcome
- Net returne0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- both locations and among all graminicidese0
- Comparator
- two-thirdse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net return consistently decreased at both locations and among all graminicides when application rate was reduced from two-thirds to one-third of the recommended label rate.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Later imazamethabenz application increased wild oat fresh weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Imazamethabenz applied at progressively later growth stagese0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oat fresh weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazamethabenz applied at progressively later growth stages caused greater wild oat fresh weight at both locations and reduced wheat yield and net return.”
Claim · model-written summary
Later imazamethabenz application reduced wheat yield and net return.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Imazamethabenz applied at progressively later growth stagese0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wheat yield and net returne0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazamethabenz applied at progressively later growth stages caused greater wild oat fresh weight at both locations and reduced wheat yield and net return.”
Claim · model-written summary
Earliest application of other graminicides generally produced similar or more wild oat fresh weight than delayed application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- earliest (two-leaf) stagee0
- Interactor
- wild oate0weed
- Outcome
- wild oat fresh weighte0
- Direction
- more or similare0
- Comparator
- delayed applicationse0
- Setting
- Saskatoone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying other graminicides at the earliest (two-leaf) stage of wild oat generally resulted in more or similar levels of wild oat fresh weight compared with delayed applications, especially at Saskatoon.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Except for imazamethabenz, leaf stage did not affect crop yield or net return.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- crop yield and net returne0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- exception of imazamethabenze0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the exception of imazamethabenz, crop yield and net return were unaffected by leaf stage at both locations.”
t0“Spring Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
imazamethabenz · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
imazamethabenz · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
label · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →stage · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →stage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
156 papers more in this group
See all 160 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.