Abstract
SUMMARY Field observations during 3 yr on a stock of potato cv. Red Craigs Royal partially infected with potato mop‐top virus (PMTV) confirmed that the virus was passed by an infected mother plant to only a proportion of its progeny tubers, and showed that in this cultivar symptomless plants gave rise only to symptomless progeny. The elimination of PMTV from stocks can therefore be greatly accelerated by removing symptom‐bearing plants. Infected potato tubers were not freed from PMTV by treating them at 37 °C for up to 8 wk. Treating ‘seed’ tubers bearing powdery scabs that contain PMTV‐carrying resting spores of Spongospora subterranea with formaldehyde or organo‐mercurial fungicide greatly decreased PMTV establishment when the tubers were planted in previously uninfective soil, but fumigation with 2‐aminobutane was ineffective. Decreasing the pH of infective soil to 5‐0 by applying sulphur greatly decreased the infection of potato cv. Arran Pilot with PMTV and S. subterranea in field experiments, but this treatment did not eliminate either; when the pH of treated soil was raised the transmission of PMTV resumed. Treating infective soil with a range of fungicides greatly decreased the infection of Nicotiana debneyi bait seedlings in glasshouse experiments but only calomel at 75 kg/ha controlled spread of PMTV and 5. subterranea to potato in field experiments. In other field experiments, applying zinc frit, zinc sulphate or zinc oxide to infective soil greatly decreased the spread of both to potato. The amount of zinc required increased with increase in clay content of the soil. However, treatment with zinc compounds did not eliminate PMTV‐carrying vectors from soil, and when treated soil was diluted with autoclaved soil many of the bait seedlings planted in the mixture became infected. The zinc frit was phytotoxic because of its boron content but zinc sulphate and zinc oxide caused little or no decrease in tuber yield. The zinc content of potato tubers was increased but not doubled in zinc‐treated plots, and during the first year after treatment the zinc content of topsoil decreased greatly. The zinc content of ryegrass grown after potatoes was greater than of potato tubers but did not reach a level considered dangerous to livestock. Treatment of soil with sulphur, zinc oxide or calomel may be useful for small plots used in the early stages of propagation of virus‐tested potato clones where there is risk of infection with PMTV.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Infected mother plants passed PMTV to only some progeny tubers.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Organ / stage
- progeny tuberse0
- Outcome
- virus was passed by an infected mother plant to only a proportion of its progeny tuberse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the virus was passed by an infected mother plant to only a proportion of its progeny tubers”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Symptomless plants produced only symptomless progeny in this cultivar.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- symptomless plants gave rise only to symptomless progenye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in this cultivar symptomless plants gave rise only to symptomless progeny.”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing symptomatic plants was recommended to accelerate elimination of PMTV.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- elimination of PMTV from stocks can therefore be greatly accelerated by removing symptom‐bearing plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The elimination of PMTV from stocks can therefore be greatly accelerated by removing symptom‐bearing plants.”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatment at 37 °C for up to 8 wk failed to free infected tubers of PMTV.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- treating them at 37 °C for up to 8 wke0
- Outcome
- not freed from PMTVe0
- Direction
- not freede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infected potato tubers were not freed from PMTV by treating them at 37 °C for up to 8 wk.”
Claim · model-written summary
Formaldehyde treatment greatly decreased PMTV establishment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- formaldehydee0
- Interactor
- Spongospora subterranea
Spongospora subterraneae0pathogen - Outcome
- PMTV establishmente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating ‘seed’ tubers bearing powdery scabs that contain PMTV‐carrying resting spores of Spongospora subterranea with formaldehyde or organo‐mercurial fungicide greatly decreased PMTV establishment when the tubers were planted in previously uninfective soil”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Organo-mercurial fungicide greatly decreased PMTV establishment.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- organo‐mercurial fungicidee0
- Outcome
- PMTV establishmente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating ‘seed’ tubers bearing powdery scabs that contain PMTV‐carrying resting spores of Spongospora subterranea with formaldehyde or organo‐mercurial fungicide greatly decreased PMTV establishment when the tubers were planted in previously uninfective soil”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation with 2-aminobutane was ineffective.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- fumigation with 2‐aminobutanee0
- Outcome
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fumigation with 2‐aminobutane was ineffective.”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur acidification greatly decreased infection by PMTV and S. subterranea.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Material
- Arran Pilote0
- Treatment
- applying sulphure0
- Outcome
- infection of potato cv. Arran Pilot with PMTV and S. subterraneae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreasing the pH of infective soil to 5‐0 by applying sulphur greatly decreased the infection of potato cv. Arran Pilot with PMTV and S. subterranea in field experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
PMTV transmission resumed when treated soil pH rose.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- transmission of PMTV resumede0
- Direction
- resumede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the pH of treated soil was raised the transmission of PMTV resumed.”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides decreased infection of Nicotiana debneyi bait seedlings.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana debneyi
_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Nicotiana debneyie0 - Treatment
- a range of fungicidese0
- Outcome
- infection of Nicotiana debneyi bait seedlingse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- glasshouse experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Treating infective soil with a range of fungicides greatly decreased the infection of Nicotiana debneyi bait seedlings in glasshouse experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Calomel at 75 kg/ha controlled field spread of PMTV and S. subterranea to potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- calomel at 75 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- spread of PMTV and 5. subterranea to potatoe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Setting
- field experimentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only calomel at 75 kg/ha controlled spread of PMTV and 5. subterranea to potato in field experiments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc frit greatly decreased spread of both pathogens to potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- zinc frite0
- Outcome
- spread of both to potatoe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying zinc frit, zinc sulphate or zinc oxide to infective soil greatly decreased the spread of both to potato.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate greatly decreased spread of both pathogens to potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- zinc sulphatee0
- Outcome
- spread of both to potatoe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying zinc frit, zinc sulphate or zinc oxide to infective soil greatly decreased the spread of both to potato.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide greatly decreased spread of both pathogens to potato.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- spread of both to potatoe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying zinc frit, zinc sulphate or zinc oxide to infective soil greatly decreased the spread of both to potato.”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc amount required rose with soil clay content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- amount of zinc requirede0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of zinc required increased with increase in clay content of the soil.”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc treatment did not eliminate virus-carrying vectors from soil.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- zinc compoundse0
- Outcome
- PMTV‐carrying vectors from soile0
- Direction
- did not eliminatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with zinc compounds did not eliminate PMTV‐carrying vectors from soil”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc frit was phytotoxic due to boron content.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- zinc frite0
- Outcome
- phytotoxice0
- Qualifier
- because of its boron contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The zinc frit was phytotoxic because of its boron content”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulphate and zinc oxide caused little or no decrease in tuber yield.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- zinc sulphate and zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- tuber yielde0
- Direction
- little or no decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zinc sulphate and zinc oxide caused little or no decrease in tuber yield.”
t0“potato mop‐top virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato tuber zinc content increased in treated plots but did not double.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- zinc‐treated plotse0
- Outcome
- zinc content of potato tuberse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- not doublede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The zinc content of potato tubers was increased but not doubled in zinc‐treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended sulphur, zinc oxide or calomel for small early propagation plots.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- Treatment of soil with sulphur, zinc oxide or calomel may be useful for small plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of soil with sulphur, zinc oxide or calomel may be useful for small plots used in the early stages of propagation of virus‐tested potato clones where there is risk of infection with PMTV.”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · organism · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
zinc atom · organism · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
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zinc oxide · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
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See all 7 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
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See all 12 papers →formaldehyde · Spongospora subterranea · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fungicide · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.