Abstract
The reproductive phase of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is more sensitive to water deficits than the vegetative phase. The characteristics that confer drought tolerance to genotypes at the reproductive stage are not well understood; especially which characteristics are responsible for differences in seed yield under water stress. In two consecutive years, 10 genotypes with contrasting yields under terminal drought stress in the field were exposed to a gradual, but similar, water stress in the glasshouse. Flower number, flower+pod+seed abortion percentage, pod number, pod weight, seed number, seed yield, 100-seed weight (seed size), stem+leaf weight and harvest index (HI) were recorded in well watered plants (WW) and in water-stressed plants (WS) when the level of deficit was mild (phase I), and when the stress was severe (phase II). The WS treatment reduced seed yield, seed and pod number, but not flower+pod+seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weight. Although there were significant differences in total seed yield among the genotypes, the ranking of the seed yield in the glasshouse differed from the ranking in the field, indicating large genotype×environment interaction. Genetic variation for seed yield and seed yield components was observed in the WW treatment, which also showed differences across years, as well as in the WS treatment in both the years, so that the relative seed yield and relative yield components (ratio of values under WS to those under WW) were used as measures of drought tolerance. Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total flower number (R2=0.23 in year 2) and relative total seed number (R2=0.83, R2=0.79 in years 1 and 2 respectively). In phase I (mild stress), relative yield of seed produced in that phase was found to be associated with the flower number in both the years (R2=0.69, R2=0.76 respectively). Therefore, the controlled drought imposition that was used, where daily water loss from the soil was made equal for all plants, revealed genotypic differences in the sensitivity of the reproductive process to drought. Under these conditions, the seed yield differences in chickpea were largely related to the capacity to produce a large number of flowers and to set seeds, especially in the early phase of drought stress when the degree of water deficit was mild.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress reduced seed yield, seed number and pod number in chickpea relative to well-watered plants
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- WS treatmente1
- Outcome
- seed yield, seed and pod numbere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- well watered plants (WW)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e1“The WS treatment reduced seed yield, seed and pod number, but not flower+pod+seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weight”
e2“recorded in well watered plants (WW) and in water-stressed plants (WS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress did not change flower+pod+seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weight in chickpea
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- WS treatmente1
- Outcome
- flower+pod+seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weighte1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Comparator
- well watered plants (WW)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e1“The WS treatment reduced seed yield, seed and pod number, but not flower+pod+seed abortion percentage or 100-seed weight”
e2“recorded in well watered plants (WW) and in water-stressed plants (WS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chickpea genotypes differed significantly in total seed yield
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- genotypese3
- Outcome
- total seed yielde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e3“Although there were significant differences in total seed yield among the genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield ranking of genotypes in the glasshouse differed from the field ranking, indicating large genotype x environment interaction
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- ranking of the seed yielde4
- Qualifier
- large genotype×environment interactione4
- Comparator
- ranking in the fielde4
- Setting
- glasshousee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e4“the ranking of the seed yield in the glasshouse differed from the ranking in the field, indicating large genotype×environment interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total flower number (R2=0.23 in year 2)
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Relative total seed yielde5
- Direction
- positively associatede5
- Value
- R2=0.23e5
- Setting
- year 2e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e5“Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total flower number (R2=0.23 in year 2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total seed number (R2=0.83 and 0.79)
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- Relative total seed yielde5
- Direction
- positively associatede5
- Value
- R2=0.83, R2=0.79e6
- Setting
- years 1 and 2e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e5“Relative total seed yield was positively associated with relative total flower number (R2=0.23 in year 2)”
e6“and relative total seed number (R2=0.83, R2=0.79 in years 1 and 2 respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
In phase I (mild stress), relative seed yield produced in that phase was associated with flower number in both years
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- mild stresse7
- Outcome
- relative yield of seed produced in that phasee7
- Value
- R2=0.69, R2=0.76e7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e7“In phase I (mild stress), relative yield of seed produced in that phase was found to be associated with the flower number in both the years (R2=0.69, R2=0.76 respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled drought revealed genotypic differences in the sensitivity of the reproductive process to drought
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- sensitivity of the reproductive process to droughte7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e7“revealed genotypic differences in the sensitivity of the reproductive process to drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Genetic variation for seed yield and seed yield components was observed under well-watered and water-stressed treatments
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- WW treatmente7
- Outcome
- genetic variation for seed yield and seed yield componentse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Higher flower and seed number leads to higher yield under water stress conditions imposed during reproduction in chickpea”
e7“Genetic variation for seed yield and seed yield components was observed in the WW treatment, which also showed differences across years, as well as in the WS treatment in both the years”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
50 papers more in this group
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