Abstract
Abstract In a bare‐root nursery we have determined the incidence of soil fumigation and mycorrhizal inoculation on survival growth and ectomycorrhizal development of Norway spruce and Douglas fir seedlings. Three experimental designes were installed in 1978, 1981 and 1982. Soil fumigation eliminated or reduced Rbizoctonia solani, Pytbium sp. and probably Fusarium oxysporum propagules. Fumigation improved Norway spruce seedlings performance, particularly in the second year. Douglas fir seedlings seemed less sensitive to soil‐borne pathogens tha Norway spruce seedlings. Two years after inoculation, Hebeloma cylindrosporum increased Norway spruce growth by 40% and Douglas fir growth by 30 % in comparison with seedlings grown in fumigated soil and mycorrhizal with the naturally occurring fungus Thelephora terrestris . Both, fumigation and artificial inoculation increased Norway spruce seedling growth by 110 % and Douglas fir seedling growth by 50 %.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation eliminated or reduced Rbizoctonia solani propagules.
- Taxon
- Norway spruce
Picea abiest0 - Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Interactor
- Rbizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Rbizoctonia solanie0
- Direction
- eliminated or reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation eliminated or reduced Rbizoctonia solani, Pytbium sp. and probably Fusarium oxysporum propagules”
t0“Norway spruce”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation eliminated or reduced Pytbium sp. propagules.
- Taxon
- Norway sprucePicea abiest0
- Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Interactor
- Pytbium sp.e0pathogen
- Outcome
- Pytbium sp. and probably Fusarium oxysporum propagulese0
- Direction
- eliminated or reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation eliminated or reduced Rbizoctonia solani, Pytbium sp. and probably Fusarium oxysporum propagules”
t0“Norway spruce”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation probably reduced Fusarium oxysporum propagules.
- Taxon
- Norway sprucePicea abiest0
- Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- Fusarium oxysporum propagulese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- probablye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation eliminated or reduced Rbizoctonia solani, Pytbium sp. and probably Fusarium oxysporum propagules”
t0“Norway spruce”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation improved Norway spruce seedling performance, particularly in year two.
- Taxon
- Norway sprucePicea abiese0
- Treatment
- Fumigatione0
- Outcome
- seedlings performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- particularly in the second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation improved Norway spruce seedlings performance, particularly in the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Douglas fir seedlings appeared less sensitive to soil-borne pathogens than Norway spruce seedlings.
- Taxon
- Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesiie0 - Interactor
- soil‐borne pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- sensitive to soil‐borne pathogense0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Comparator
- Norway spruce seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Douglas fir seedlings seemed less sensitive to soil‐borne pathogens tha Norway spruce seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hebeloma inoculation increased Norway spruce growth by 40% against naturally mycorrhizal seedlings in fumigated soil.
- Taxon
- Norway sprucePicea abiese0
- Treatment
- inoculation, Hebeloma cylindrosporume0
- Interactor
- Hebeloma cylindrosporum
Hebeloma cylindrosporume0symbiont - Second interactor
- Thelephora terrestris
Thelephora terrestrise0symbiont - Outcome
- Norway spruce growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- seedlings grown in fumigated soil and mycorrhizal with the naturally occurring fungus Thelephora terrestrise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two years after inoculation, Hebeloma cylindrosporum increased Norway spruce growth by 40% and Douglas fir growth by 30 % in comparison with seedlings grown in fumigated soil and mycorrhizal with the naturally occurring fungus Thelephora terrestris”
Claim · model-written summary
Hebeloma inoculation increased Douglas fir growth by 30% against naturally mycorrhizal seedlings in fumigated soil.
- Taxon
- Douglas firPseudotsuga menziesiie0
- Treatment
- inoculation, Hebeloma cylindrosporume0
- Interactor
- Hebeloma cylindrosporumHebeloma cylindrosporume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Thelephora terrestrisThelephora terrestrise0symbiont
- Outcome
- Douglas fir growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30 %e0
- Comparator
- seedlings grown in fumigated soil and mycorrhizal with the naturally occurring fungus Thelephora terrestrise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two years after inoculation, Hebeloma cylindrosporum increased Norway spruce growth by 40% and Douglas fir growth by 30 % in comparison with seedlings grown in fumigated soil and mycorrhizal with the naturally occurring fungus Thelephora terrestris”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fumigation and artificial inoculation increased Norway spruce seedling growth by 110%.
- Taxon
- Norway sprucePicea abiese0
- Treatment
- fumigation and artificial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Norway spruce seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 110 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both, fumigation and artificial inoculation increased Norway spruce seedling growth by 110 % and Douglas fir seedling growth by 50 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined fumigation and artificial inoculation increased Douglas fir seedling growth by 50%.
- Taxon
- Douglas firPseudotsuga menziesiie0
- Treatment
- fumigation and artificial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Douglas fir seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both, fumigation and artificial inoculation increased Norway spruce seedling growth by 110 % and Douglas fir seedling growth by 50 %”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · growth · Picea abies (Norway spruce)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
inoculation · growth · Picea abies (Norway spruce)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →inoculation · growth · Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →solarization · growth · Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.