Abstract
In the semi-arid irrigation areas of south-western New South Wales, many sunflower crops receive no irrigation after flowering. In these dry climates, such premature termination of irrigation could be leading to substantial yield losses. The effect of date of final irrigation on yield and yield components of sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540) was thus examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, seed yield was increased by 19 per cent when final irrigation was applied 22 days after mid-flowering, rather than at mid-flowering. The higher yield resulted principally from an increase in the number of harvestable seeds. Higher frequency of irrigation further increased seed yield by 9 per cent via increase in seed weight. Estimated total consumptive water use by treatments ranged from 546 to 677 mm and the regression of yield (kg ha-1) on water use (mm) was y = 3.9x - 47.4 (r = 0.77, P < 0.001). In the second experiment, in which all treatments were irrigated at a high frequency, seed yield was increased by 30 per cent and total oil yield by 48 per cent when final irrigation was applied 16 days after mid-flowering, rather than at mid-flowering. Both seed weight and seed number were increased by the later irrigation. No further yield improvement was achieved by extending the irrigation season to encompass physiological maturity (a mean 31 days after mid-flowering).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Final irrigation applied 22 days after mid-flowering increased sunflower seed yield by 19% compared with irrigation at mid-flowering.
- Taxon
- sunflowers
Helianthuse1 - Material
- VNIIMK 6540e1
- Treatment
- final irrigation was applied 22 days after mid-floweringe2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 19 per cente2
- Comparator
- at mid-floweringe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e2“In the first experiment, seed yield was increased by 19 per cent when final irrigation was applied 22 days after mid-flowering, rather than at mid-flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher sunflower yield under late final irrigation resulted principally from more harvestable seeds.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Outcome
- higher yielde3
- Qualifier
- an increase in the number of harvestable seedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e3“The higher yield resulted principally from an increase in the number of harvestable seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher irrigation frequency increased sunflower seed yield by 9%, via increased seed weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- Higher frequency of irrigatione4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 9 per cente4
- Qualifier
- via increase in seed weighte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e4“Higher frequency of irrigation further increased seed yield by 9 per cent via increase in seed weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated total consumptive water use across sunflower irrigation treatments ranged from 546 to 677 mm.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Outcome
- total consumptive water usee5
- Value
- 546 to 677 mme5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e5“Estimated total consumptive water use by treatments ranged from 546 to 677 mm and the regression of yield (kg ha-1) on water use (mm) was y = 3.9x - 47.4 (r = 0.77, P < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seed yield was related to water use by a regression with r = 0.77.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- water use (mm)e5
- Outcome
- regression of yield (kg ha-1) on water use (mm)e5
- Value
- r = 0.77e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e5“Estimated total consumptive water use by treatments ranged from 546 to 677 mm and the regression of yield (kg ha-1) on water use (mm) was y = 3.9x - 47.4 (r = 0.77, P < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
Final irrigation applied 16 days after mid-flowering increased sunflower seed yield by 30% in the second experiment.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- final irrigation was applied 16 days after mid-floweringe6
- Outcome
- seed yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 30 per cente6
- Qualifier
- all treatments were irrigated at a high frequencye6
- Comparator
- at mid-floweringe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e6“In the second experiment, in which all treatments were irrigated at a high frequency, seed yield was increased by 30 per cent and total oil yield by 48 per cent when final irrigation was applied 16 days after mid-flowering, rather than at mid-flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Final irrigation applied 16 days after mid-flowering increased total oil yield by 48% in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- final irrigation was applied 16 days after mid-floweringe6
- Outcome
- total oil yielde6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 48 per cente6
- Qualifier
- all treatments were irrigated at a high frequencye6
- Comparator
- at mid-floweringe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e6“In the second experiment, in which all treatments were irrigated at a high frequency, seed yield was increased by 30 per cent and total oil yield by 48 per cent when final irrigation was applied 16 days after mid-flowering, rather than at mid-flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Later final irrigation increased sunflower seed weight and seed number.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- later irrigatione7
- Outcome
- seed weight and seed numbere7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e7“Both seed weight and seed number were increased by the later irrigation. No further yield improvement was achieved by extending the irrigation season to encompass physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending the irrigation season to physiological maturity gave no further sunflower yield improvement.
- Taxon
- sunflowersHelianthuse1
- Treatment
- extending the irrigation season to encompass physiological maturitye7
- Outcome
- yield improvemente7
- Direction
- No furthere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“sunflowers (cv. VNIIMK 6540)”
e7“Both seed weight and seed number were increased by the later irrigation. No further yield improvement was achieved by extending the irrigation season to encompass physiological maturity”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: oil · Helianthus (sunflowers)Positive and negative results
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irrigation · yield · Helianthus (sunflowers)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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climate site · yield · Helianthus (sunflowers)Results agree
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- negative
stage · yield · Helianthus (sunflowers)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.