Abstract
Russet on apple fruits was caused by inoculation with isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis but not with Metschnikowia pulcherrima or two other unidentified yeasts, YT2 and YT17. Another unidentified yeast, YT5, caused russet in 1 of 2 years. Epiphytic survival of isolates on fruit was measured 3 months after inoculation. All isolates that caused russet survived epiphytically on fruit at harvest. With the exception of M. pulcherrima, nonrusseting isolates were not detected on the fruit at harvest. Conidia, hyphae, and chlamydospores characteristic of A. pullulans were observed in naturally russeted tissues of 14 different apple cultivars and Bartlett and Bosc pear collected from 13 orchards in New York state. A. pullulans was the most commonly isolated microorganism, and all A. pullulans isolates caused apple russet but varied in the severity of russet they caused. Isolates were identified using standard identification schemes. In addition, A. pullulans isolates were compared by generating fingerprints of restriction fragments of a PCR-amplified region of ribosomal DNA consisting of ITS-1, the 5.8S gene, and ITS-2.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Aureobasidium pullulans inoculation caused apple fruit russet.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- inoculation with isolates of Aureobasidium pullulanse0
- Interactor
- Aureobasidium pullulans
Aureobasidium pullulanse0pathogen - Outcome
- Russet on apple fruitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Russet on apple fruits was caused by inoculation with isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans”
t0“Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhodotorula glutinis inoculation caused apple fruit russet.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- inoculation with isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinise0
- Interactor
- Rhodotorula glutinis
Rhodotorula glutinise0pathogen - Outcome
- Russet on apple fruitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Russet on apple fruits was caused by inoculation with isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis”
Claim · model-written summary
Metschnikowia pulcherrima did not cause apple russet.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Metschnikowia pulcherrimae0
- Interactor
- Metschnikowia pulcherrimaMetschnikowia pulcherrimae0other
- Outcome
- Russett0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not with Metschnikowia pulcherrima or two other unidentified yeasts, YT2 and YT17.”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
YT2 did not cause apple russet.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- YT2e0
- Interactor
- YT2e0other
- Outcome
- Russett0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two other unidentified yeasts, YT2 and YT17.”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
YT17 did not cause apple russet.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- YT17e0
- Interactor
- YT17e0other
- Outcome
- Russett0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not with Metschnikowia pulcherrima or two other unidentified yeasts, YT2 and YT17.”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
YT5 caused russet in one of two years.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- YT5e0pathogen
- Outcome
- russete0
- Value
- 1 of 2 yearse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Another unidentified yeast, YT5, caused russet in 1 of 2 years.”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
All russet-causing isolates survived on fruit through harvest.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- survived epiphytically on fruit at harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All isolates that caused russet survived epiphytically on fruit at harvest.”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Other nonrusseting isolates except M. pulcherrima were not detected at harvest.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- nonrusseting isolates were not detected on the fruit at harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the exception of M. pulcherrima, nonrusseting isolates were not detected on the fruit at harvest.”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pullulans structures occurred in naturally russeted apple and pear tissues.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- A. pullulansAureobasidium pullulanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidia, hyphae, and chlamydospores characteristic of A. pullulanse0
- Value
- 14 different apple cultivarse0
- Setting
- New York statee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidia, hyphae, and chlamydospores characteristic of A. pullulans were observed in naturally russeted tissues of 14 different apple cultivars and Bartlett and Bosc pear collected from 13 orchards in New York state.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. pullulans was the most commonly isolated microorganism.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- A. pullulansAureobasidium pullulanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- most commonly isolated microorganisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. pullulans was the most commonly isolated microorganism”
t0“Russet of Apple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Every A. pullulans isolate caused apple russet, with varying severity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- A. pullulansAureobasidium pullulanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- apple russete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all A. pullulans isolates caused apple russet but varied in the severity of russet they caused.”