Abstract
Abstract Organic acids (OA) may affect plant resistance to aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils. However, limited information is available on the effects of different organic acids on Al resistance in alfalfa. We investigated the effects of foliar application of organic acids (succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid) to alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) under Al stress. Seedlings were grown in pH 4.5 nutrient solution containing Al at 0 or 100 μM, and were sprayed with water or 100 μM of oxalic acid, malic acid, citric acid, or succinic acid every 3 d during a 10 d experiment. Aluminum stress caused significant reduction in alfalfa growth (reflected by above‐ground biomass, root weight and root length), root activity, mineral nutrient concentrations (Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn), and a significant increase in leaf membrane lipid peroxidation. Foliar application of the four organic acids, especially succinic acid, alleviated Al toxicity, as demonstrated by the increase in plant growth and root activity, as well as reduction in lipid peroxidation. Oxalic acid and malic acid treatments significantly increased oxalate exudation and decreased Al concentration in roots exposed to Al stress. Succinic acid treatment significantly increased accumulation of all four organic acids in roots, accumulation of Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn, and up‐regulated the gene transcription of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in roots. Our results suggest that the promotion of oxalate exudation from roots through exogenous application of oxalate and malate could contribute to the improvement in Al resistance of alfalfa, and the positive effects of exogenous application of succinate on Al resistance may be associated with the increased endogenous accumulation of all four organic acids in roots, which may constitute an organic‐acid detoxification system in alfalfa.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress reduced alfalfa growth (biomass, root weight and root length)
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae4 - Treatment
- Aluminum stresse1
- Outcome
- alfalfa growthe1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aluminum stress caused significant reduction in alfalfa growth”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress reduced root activity
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Aluminum stresse1
- Outcome
- root activitye5
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aluminum stress caused significant reduction in alfalfa growth”
e5“root activity, mineral nutrient concentrations (Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn)”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress reduced root concentrations of Ca, K and Mg
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Aluminum stresse1
- Outcome
- mineral nutrient concentrationse5
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- Ca, K, Mge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aluminum stress caused significant reduction in alfalfa growth”
e5“root activity, mineral nutrient concentrations (Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn)”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress reduced root concentrations of Mn and Zn
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Aluminum stresse1
- Outcome
- mineral nutrient concentrationse5
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- Mn and Zne5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aluminum stress caused significant reduction in alfalfa growth”
e5“root activity, mineral nutrient concentrations (Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn)”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum stress increased leaf membrane lipid peroxidation
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Aluminum stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf membrane lipid peroxidatione6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aluminum stress caused significant reduction in alfalfa growth”
e6“a significant increase in leaf membrane lipid peroxidation”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of the four organic acids increased alfalfa growth and root activity under Al stress
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Foliar application of the four organic acidse3
- Outcome
- plant growth and root activitye3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- especially succinic acide3
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Foliar application of the four organic acids, especially succinic acid, alleviated Al toxicity, as demonstrated by the increase in plant growth and root activity, as well as reduction in lipid peroxidation”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of the four organic acids reduced lipid peroxidation under Al stress
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Foliar application of the four organic acidse3
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidatione3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Foliar application of the four organic acids, especially succinic acid, alleviated Al toxicity, as demonstrated by the increase in plant growth and root activity, as well as reduction in lipid peroxidation”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic and malic acid treatments increased oxalate exudation from roots
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Oxalic acid and malic acid treatmentse5
- Outcome
- oxalate exudatione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Oxalic acid and malic acid treatments significantly increased oxalate exudation and decreased Al concentration in roots exposed to Al stress”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalic and malic acid treatments decreased Al concentration in roots exposed to Al stress
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Oxalic acid and malic acid treatmentse5
- Outcome
- Al concentration in rootse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Oxalic acid and malic acid treatments significantly increased oxalate exudation and decreased Al concentration in roots exposed to Al stress”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid treatment increased accumulation of all four organic acids in roots
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Succinic acid treatmente7
- Outcome
- accumulation of all four organic acids in rootse7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Succinic acid treatment significantly increased accumulation of all four organic acids in roots, accumulation of Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid treatment increased root accumulation of Ca, K and Mg
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Succinic acid treatmente7
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ca, K, Mge7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Succinic acid treatment significantly increased accumulation of all four organic acids in roots, accumulation of Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid treatment increased root accumulation of Mn and Zn
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Succinic acid treatmente7
- Outcome
- accumulatione7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- Mn and Zne7
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Succinic acid treatment significantly increased accumulation of all four organic acids in roots, accumulation of Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinic acid treatment up-regulated root transcription of MDH and PEPC genes
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- Succinic acid treatmente7
- Gene
- malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)e0
- Outcome
- gene transcriptione0
- Direction
- up‐regulatede0
- Comparator
- watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Succinic acid treatment significantly increased accumulation of all four organic acids in roots, accumulation of Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn”
e0“up‐regulated the gene transcription of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) in roots”
e2“were sprayed with water”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Promotion of oxalate exudation by exogenous oxalate and malate could contribute to Al resistance in alfalfa
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- exogenous application of oxalate and malatee0
- Outcome
- Al resistancee0
- Qualifier
- could contributee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our results suggest that the promotion of oxalate exudation from roots through exogenous application of oxalate and malate could contribute to the improvement in Al resistance of alfalfa”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Succinate-associated Al resistance may be associated with increased endogenous accumulation of all four organic acids in roots
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae4
- Treatment
- exogenous application of succinatee0
- Outcome
- endogenous accumulation of all four organic acids in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the positive effects of exogenous application of succinate on Al resistance may be associated with the increased endogenous accumulation of all four organic acids in roots”
e4“alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
malic acid · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
oxalic acid · molecular: metabolites · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
heavy metal · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →application · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →application · physiology: oxidative · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.