Abstract
Two cDNA clones, cATMPK1 and cATMPK2, encoding MAP kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases) have been cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences have been determined. Putative proteins encoded by ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 genes, designated ATMPK1 and ATMPK2, contain 370 and 376 amino acid residues, respectively, and are 88.7% identical at the amino acid sequence level. ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 exhibit significant similarity to rat ERK2 (49%) and Xenopus MAP kinase (50%). The amino acid residues corresponding to the sites of phosphorylation (Thr-Glu-Tyr) that are involved in the activation of MAP kinases are conserved in ATMPK1 and ATMPK2. Northern blot analysis indicates that the ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 mRNAs are significantly present in all the organs except seeds. Genomic Southern blot analysis suggests that there are a few additional genes that are related to ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 in the Arabidopsis genome. Purified Xenopus MAP kinase kinase (MAPK kinase) phosphorylates ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 proteins that have been expressed in Escherichia coli, activating these enzymes. A rapid and transient activation of 46-kDa protein kinase activity that phosphorylated myelin basic protein (MBP) was detected when auxin-starved tobacco BY-2 cells were treated with synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Protein kinase activities which phosphorylated the recombinant ATMPK2 protein also increased rapidly after auxin treatment in the auxin-starved BY-2 cells. These results suggest that auxin may function as an activator of plant MAP kinase homologues, as do various mitogens in animal systems.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Two Arabidopsis MAP kinase cDNAs were cloned and sequenced.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- cATMPK1 and cATMPK2e0
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequences have been determinede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two cDNA clones, cATMPK1 and cATMPK2, encoding MAP kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinases) have been cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences have been determined.”
Claim · model-written summary
The putative proteins contain 370 and 376 residues and are 88.7% identical.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- ATMPK1 and ATMPK2e0
- Outcome
- 88.7% identical at the amino acid sequence levele0
- Value
- 88.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 genes, designated ATMPK1 and ATMPK2, contain 370 and 376 amino acid residues, respectively, and are 88.7% identical at the amino acid sequence level.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Activation-site residues are conserved in ATMPK1 and ATMPK2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- ATMPK1 and ATMPK2e0
- Outcome
- sites of phosphorylation (Thr-Glu-Tyr)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amino acid residues corresponding to the sites of phosphorylation (Thr-Glu-Tyr) that are involved in the activation of MAP kinases are conserved in ATMPK1 and ATMPK2.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Both mRNAs occur in organs except seeds.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- ATMPK1 and ATMPK2e0
- Outcome
- significantly present in all the organs except seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 mRNAs are significantly present in all the organs except seeds”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional related genes may occur in the Arabidopsis genome.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- ATMPK1 and ATMPK2e0
- Outcome
- a few additional genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there are a few additional genes that are related to ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 in the Arabidopsis genome”
Claim · model-written summary
Xenopus MAP kinase kinase phosphorylated and activated both plant kinases.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Purified Xenopus MAP kinase kinasee0
- Outcome
- phosphorylates ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 proteinse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purified Xenopus MAP kinase kinase (MAPK kinase) phosphorylates ATMPK1 and ATMPK2 proteins that have been expressed in Escherichia coli, activating these enzymes.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin rapidly and transiently activated 46-kDa protein kinase activity in tobacco BY-2 cells.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- BY-2e0
- Treatment
- synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)e0
- Outcome
- 46-kDa protein kinase activitye0
- Direction
- activatione0
- Comparator
- auxin-starvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A rapid and transient activation of 46-kDa protein kinase activity that phosphorylated myelin basic protein (MBP) was detected when auxin-starved tobacco BY-2 cells were treated with synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinase activity phosphorylating ATMPK2 increased rapidly after auxin treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- auxin treatmente0
- Outcome
- Protein kinase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- auxin-starvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein kinase activities which phosphorylated the recombinant ATMPK2 protein also increased rapidly after auxin treatment in the auxin-starved BY-2 cells.”
t0“auxin-starved tobacco BY-2 cells”
The same questions in other papers
class · physiology: enzyme activity · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.