Abstract
ABSTRACT Because forage rice ( Oryza sativa L.) must be cost‐competitive with other forage crops, high grain yield is essential. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of planting density (11, 25, or 100 hills m −2 ) and N application method (the 79‐21N method, with 79% of the N applied before the panicle initiation stage and 21% after, or the 36‐64N method, 36% before and 64% after) on grain yield and its components in the cultivar Mizuhochikara, which produces an unusually large number of spikelets per square meter. Grain yield was not different between N application methods but increased from 799 g m −2 to 870 g m −2 with increasing planting density. The number of spikelets per square meter was not strongly influenced by the planting densities. The percentage of filled spikelets and the 1000‐grain weight was higher at 100 and 25 hills m −2 than at 11 hills m −2 . The amount of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in the leaf sheaths plus stems per square meter at the full heading stage was larger at 100 and 25 hills m −2 than at 11 hills m −2 . The percentages of both primary and secondary spikelets increased with increasing planting density, whereas that of tertiary spikelets decreased. Grain weight per spikelet was generally higher at primary and secondary spikelets than at tertiary spikelets. At each position in the panicle, grain weight per spikelet was heavier at 100 and 25 hills m −2 than at 11 hills m −2 . Thus, dense planting may increase the grain yield, the percentage of filled spikelets, and the 1000‐grain weight by increasing NSC at full heading stage and decreasing the number of tertiary spikelets even at a large number of spikelets per square meter in Mizuhochikara.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application methods did not differ in grain yield.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not different between N application methods”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield rose from 799 to 870 g m −2 as planting density increased.
- Taxon
- forage ricet0
- Treatment
- increasing planting densitye0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 799 g m −2 to 870 g m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased from 799 g m −2 to 870 g m −2 with increasing planting density”
t0“forage rice”
e1“Grain yield was not different between N application methods but increased from 799 g m −2 to 870 g m −2 with increasing planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density did not strongly influence spikelets per square meter.
- Taxon
- forage ricet0
- Treatment
- planting densitiese0
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per square metere0
- Direction
- not strongly influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The number of spikelets per square meter was not strongly influenced by the planting densities.”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Filled spikelet percentage and 1000-grain weight were higher at 100 and 25 than 11 hills m −2.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of filled spikelets and the 1000‐grain weight was higher at 100 and 25 hills m −2 than at 11 hills m −2 .”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem and leaf sheath NSC at full heading was greater at 100 and 25 than 11 hills m −2.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in the leaf sheaths plus stems per square meter at the full heading stage was larger at 100 and 25 hills m −2 than at 11 hills m −2 .”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Primary and secondary spikelet percentages increased with density.
- Taxon
- forage ricet0
- Treatment
- increasing planting densitye0
- Outcome
- percentages of both primary and secondary spikeletse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The percentages of both primary and secondary spikelets increased with increasing planting density”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tertiary spikelet percentage decreased with density.
- Taxon
- forage ricet0
- Treatment
- increasing planting densitye1
- Outcome
- tertiary spikeletse1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“whereas that of tertiary spikelets decreased”
t0“forage rice”
e1“The percentages of both primary and secondary spikelets increased with increasing planting density, whereas that of tertiary spikelets decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight per spikelet was higher for primary and secondary than tertiary spikelets.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight per spikelet was generally higher at primary and secondary spikelets than at tertiary spikelets.”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At each panicle position, grain weight per spikelet was heavier at 100 and 25 than 11 hills m −2.
Verbatim
e0“At each position in the panicle, grain weight per spikelet was heavier at 100 and 25 hills m −2 than at 11 hills m −2 .”
t0“forage rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest dense planting may raise yield, filled spikelets, and grain weight through higher NSC and fewer tertiary spikelets.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, dense planting may increase the grain yield, the percentage of filled spikelets, and the 1000‐grain weight by increasing NSC at full heading stage and decreasing the number of tertiary spikelets even at a large number of spikelets per square meter in Mizuhochikara.”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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241 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,803 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 2,045 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.