Abstract
Abstract During conventional fertilization, N is applied before or during the early growth stages of rice ( Oryza sativa L.), usually resulting in N loss and waste. Therefore, developing effective N management practices to reduce N losses and increase rice yield and N use efficiency (NUE) will be beneficial to farmers and the environment. Here, the effects of delayed timing and reduced N fertilizer on the yield and NUE of japonica rice grown in Shenyang, China, were investigated in 2016 and 2017. Fertilization during the early tillering stage had no significant effect on the leaf area index (LAI), amount of bleeding sap, dry matter accumulation, or N accumulation by the mid‐tillering (nine‐leaf) stage. After the jointing stage, compared with conventional N treatment, delayed timing of tillering fertilization from 5.5‐leaf stage (7 d after transplanting) to the nine‐leaf stage increased root activity and enhanced nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in rice leaves. Greater N accumulation from the jointing to grain‐filling stages increased LAI and dry matter accumulation. Average grain yield as a result of delayed N fertilization was 8.6 and 30.7% higher than conventional N treatment. Given the results, optimizing N application rates and timing improved NUE and decreased the amount of N fertilizer needed for maintaining and increasing yield. Collectively, these results indicate that the delayed timing of tillering N fertilizer improves rice yield and NUE.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Early tillering fertilization had no significant effect on LAI, bleeding sap, dry matter, or nitrogen accumulation by the nine-leaf stage.
- Taxon
- japonica rice
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupe1 - Treatment
- Fertilization during the early tillering stagee0
- Outcome
- leaf area index (LAI), amount of bleeding sap, dry matter accumulation, or N accumulatione0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization during the early tillering stage had no significant effect on the leaf area index (LAI), amount of bleeding sap, dry matter accumulation, or N accumulation by the mid‐tillering (nine‐leaf) stage”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed tillering fertilizer increased root activity after jointing compared with conventional nitrogen treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- delayed timing of tillering fertilization from 5.5‐leaf stage (7 d after transplanting) to the nine‐leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- conventional N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with conventional N treatment, delayed timing of tillering fertilization from 5.5‐leaf stage (7 d after transplanting) to the nine‐leaf stage increased root activity and enhanced nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed tillering fertilizer enhanced rice leaf nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- delayed timing of tillering fertilization from 5.5‐leaf stage (7 d after transplanting) to the nine‐leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activitiese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- conventional N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared with conventional N treatment, delayed timing of tillering fertilization from 5.5‐leaf stage (7 d after transplanting) to the nine‐leaf stage increased root activity and enhanced nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in rice leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen accumulation from jointing to grain filling increased LAI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- jointing to grain‐filling stagese0
- Outcome
- LAIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Greater N accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater N accumulation from the jointing to grain‐filling stages increased LAI and dry matter accumulation”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater nitrogen accumulation from jointing to grain filling increased dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- jointing to grain‐filling stagese0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Greater N accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater N accumulation from the jointing to grain‐filling stages increased LAI and dry matter accumulation”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed nitrogen fertilization yielded 8.6% higher average grain yield than conventional treatment.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe1
- Treatment
- delayed N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Average grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.6e0
- Comparator
- conventional N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average grain yield as a result of delayed N fertilization was 8.6 and 30.7% higher than conventional N treatment”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed nitrogen fertilization yielded 30.7% higher average grain yield than conventional treatment.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe1
- Treatment
- delayed N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Average grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30.7%e0
- Comparator
- conventional N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average grain yield as a result of delayed N fertilization was 8.6 and 30.7% higher than conventional N treatment”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimizing nitrogen rate and timing improved nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe1
- Treatment
- optimizing N application rates and timinge0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimizing N application rates and timing improved NUE and decreased the amount of N fertilizer needed for maintaining and increasing yield”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimizing nitrogen rate and timing reduced fertilizer needed to maintain or increase yield.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe1
- Treatment
- optimizing N application rates and timinge0
- Outcome
- amount of N fertilizer needed for maintaining and increasing yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimizing N application rates and timing improved NUE and decreased the amount of N fertilizer needed for maintaining and increasing yield”
e1“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that delayed tillering fertilizer improves rice nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- improvese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the delayed timing of tillering N fertilizer improves rice yield and NUE”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.