Abstract
Understanding N dynamics in relation to cultural practices may help optimize N management in annual legume crops. This study was conducted at six environsites (location × year combinations) in southern Saskatchewan, 2004-2006, to quantify N uptake, N 2 fixation, and N balance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in relation to cultivar choice, cropping systems, rhizobial inoculation, and soil N fertility. The cultivars Amit, CDC Anna, CDC Frontier, and CDC Xena were grown at N fertilizer rates of 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha -1 with no Rhizobium and at 0, 28, and 84 kg N ha -1 combined with Rhizobium inoculation, evaluated in both conventional tilled-fallow and continuously cropped no-till systems. Flax was used as a non-N-fixing reference crop. The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha -1 ) and seed N uptake (54.4 kg N ha -1 ), with N use efficiency (NUE, 13.2 kg seed N kg -1 ) being 17% less than the average of the other cultivars. Consequently, N balance (N input via fertilizer and N-fixation minus N exported) was -32.4 kg N ha -1 for CDC Xena and less negative than the average of the other cultivars (-39.8 kg N ha -1 ). Inoculated chickpea took up 10 kg ha -1 more N into the seed and 5 kg ha -1 more N into the straw than chickpea that was not inoculated. The amount of N fixed as a percentage of total N uptake was 15% for non-inoculated chickpea and 29% for inoculated chickpea, resulting in negative N balance regardless of cropping system. Increasing N fertilizer rates decreased NUE, with the rate of decrease being greater for non-inoculated chickpea compared with inoculated chickpea. We conclude that optimum productivity of chickpea can be achieved with application of effective Rhizobium inoculants, and that best N management practices must be adopted in the succeeding crops due to a large negative N balance after a chickpea crop.Key words: Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, N fertilizer, N 2 fixation, Rhizobium inoculants, N balance, nitrogen use efficiency, N uptake
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Xena had the lowest yield, 1.57 Mg ha -1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha -1 )”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Xena had the lowest seed nitrogen uptake, 54.4 kg N ha -1.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Material
- CDC Xenae0
- Outcome
- seed N uptakee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 54.4 kg N ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha -1 ) and seed N uptake (54.4 kg N ha -1 )”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Xena nitrogen use efficiency was 17% below the other cultivars.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- CDC Xenae1
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 17%e0
- Qualifier
- 13.2 kg seed N kg -1e0
- Comparator
- the average of the other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N use efficiency (NUE, 13.2 kg seed N kg -1 ) being 17% less than the average of the other cultivars”
t0“chickpea”
e1“The cultivar CDC Xena had the lowest yield (1.57 Mg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Xena nitrogen balance was less negative than the cultivar average.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- CDC Xenae0
- Outcome
- N balancee0
- Direction
- less negativee0
- Value
- -32.4 kg N ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- -39.8 kg N ha -1e0
- Comparator
- the average of the other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N balance (N input via fertilizer and N-fixation minus N exported) was -32.4 kg N ha -1 for CDC Xena and less negative than the average of the other cultivars (-39.8 kg N ha -1 )”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased seed nitrogen uptake by 10 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Outcome
- N into the seede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 10 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- chickpea that was not inoculatede0
RhizobiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated chickpea took up 10 kg ha -1 more N into the seed and 5 kg ha -1 more N into the straw than chickpea that was not inoculated.”
t0“Rhizobium inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased straw nitrogen uptake by 5 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Outcome
- N into the strawe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 5 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- chickpea that was not inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated chickpea took up 10 kg ha -1 more N into the seed and 5 kg ha -1 more N into the straw than chickpea that was not inoculated.”
t0“Rhizobium inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixation was 15% of total uptake without inoculation and 29% with inoculation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- inoculated chickpeae0
- Outcome
- N fixed as a percentage of total N uptakee0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Qualifier
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated chickpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of N fixed as a percentage of total N uptake was 15% for non-inoculated chickpea and 29% for inoculated chickpea”
t0“Rhizobium inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen balance remained negative regardless of cropping system.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- negative N balancee0
- Qualifier
- regardless of cropping systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in negative N balance regardless of cropping system”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer nitrogen decreased nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing N fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- NUEe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N fertilizer rates decreased NUE”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficiency decline with fertilizer was greater without inoculation.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- non-inoculated chickpeae0
- Outcome
- rate of decreasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- inoculated chickpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate of decrease being greater for non-inoculated chickpea compared with inoculated chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend effective Rhizobium inoculants for optimum productivity.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- application of effective Rhizobium inoculantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“optimum productivity of chickpea can be achieved with application of effective Rhizobium inoculants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nitrogen management in succeeding crops because chickpea leaves a large negative nitrogen balance.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- best N management practices must be adopted in the succeeding cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“best N management practices must be adopted in the succeeding crops due to a large negative N balance after a chickpea crop”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: efficiency · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
inoculation · Rhizobium · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.