Abstract
Cultures of Azolla caroliniana Willd. free of the symbiotic blue-green alga, Anabaena azollae, were obtained by treatment of Azolla fronds with a regimen of antibiotics. These symbiontfree plants can be maintained only on medium containing a combined nitrogen source.Morphological aspects of the symbiotic association show the confinement of the Anabaena azollae within the leaf cavity of the Azolla. Procedures were established for the isolation of pure preparations of Anabaena azollae and Azolla chloroplasts. It has not yet been possible to grow the isolated alga in independent culture.Photochemical activities of the isolated alga and fern chloroplasts were measured by spectrophotometric assays for photosystems I and II as well as by P700-content (photosystem I) and delayed light emission (photosystem II). In the algal fraction, both photosystems were repressed when compared to freeliving Anabaena cylindrica, but the relative ratio of photosystem I to photosystem II may be appreciably greater in Anabaena azollae. Azolla chloroplasts were generally comparable to spinach chloroplasts.A comparison of the chlorophyll a and b content of Azolla fronds with and without the symbiotic alga resulted in an estimate that in the symbiotic association, the Anabaena azollae accounts for from 7.5 to 15% of the total chlorophyll.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Antibiotic treatment produced Azolla cultures free of Anabaena azollae.
- Taxon
- Azolla caroliniana Willd.
Azolla carolinianae0 - Treatment
- treatment of Azolla fronds with a regimen of antibioticse0
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollae
Trichormus azollaee0symbiont - Outcome
- free of the symbiotic blue-green alga, Anabaena azollaee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultures of Azolla caroliniana Willd. free of the symbiotic blue-green alga, Anabaena azollae, were obtained by treatment of Azolla fronds with a regimen of antibiotics.”
Claim · model-written summary
Symbiont-free Azolla could be maintained only with combined nitrogen.
AzollaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These symbiontfree plants can be maintained only on medium containing a combined nitrogen source.”
t0“The Azolla, Anabaena azollae Relationship”
Claim · model-written summary
Anabaena azollae was confined to the Azolla leaf cavity.
- Organ / stage
- leaf cavitye0
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollaeTrichormus azollaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- confinement of the Anabaena azollae within the leaf cavitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the confinement of the Anabaena azollae within the leaf cavity of the Azolla”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure preparations of Anabaena azollae and Azolla chloroplasts were isolated.
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollaeTrichormus azollaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- isolation of pure preparations of Anabaena azollae and Azolla chloroplastse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Procedures were established for the isolation of pure preparations of Anabaena azollae and Azolla chloroplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolated Anabaena azollae could not be grown independently.
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollaeTrichormus azollaet0symbiont
- Outcome
- grow the isolated alga in independent culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It has not yet been possible to grow the isolated alga in independent culture.”
t0“The Azolla, Anabaena azollae Relationship”
Claim · model-written summary
Both photosystems in the algal fraction were repressed relative to free-living Anabaena cylindrica.
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollaeTrichormus azollaet0symbiont
- Outcome
- both photosystemse0
- Direction
- repressede0
- Comparator
- freeliving Anabaena cylindricae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the algal fraction, both photosystems were repressed when compared to freeliving Anabaena cylindrica”
t0“The Azolla, Anabaena azollae Relationship”
Claim · model-written summary
The photosystem I to II ratio may be greater in Anabaena azollae.
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollaeTrichormus azollaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- relative ratio of photosystem I to photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- may be appreciablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative ratio of photosystem I to photosystem II may be appreciably greater in Anabaena azollae”
t0“The Azolla, Anabaena azollae Relationship”
Claim · model-written summary
Azolla chloroplasts were generally comparable to spinach chloroplasts.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azolla chloroplasts were generally comparable to spinach chloroplasts.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anabaena azollae contributed an estimated 7.5 to 15% of total chlorophyll in symbiotic Azolla.
- Interactor
- Anabaena azollaeTrichormus azollaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Value
- 7.5 to 15%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the symbiotic association, the Anabaena azollae accounts for from 7.5 to 15% of the total chlorophyll”
t0“The Azolla, Anabaena azollae Relationship”