Abstract
The content of fatty acids (FA) in herbage is important for forage quality and animal‐source foods, but there is a lack of knowledge on effects of agronomic practices, and on environmental factors related to seasonal variation in FA concentrations and FA composition. This research investigated the effects of N applications and forage cutting intervals in a factorial combination on FA composition of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). The research was conducted during 2 yr that evaluated early, intermediate, and late cutting regimes during various seasons. Positive effects of N application and negative effects of extended regrowth interval on FA concentration and profile were found that appeared to be consistent within periods and years. The total concentration of FA was 32 to 53% higher in spring than in summer, and 18 to 25% higher in autumn than in summer. A positive relationship ( P < 0.001; r 2 = 0.84) between concentrations of total FA and N was observed within and across a wide range of samples. Concentrations of total FA and N were on average 30% higher ( P < 0.001) in early‐cut highly fertilized herbage than in late‐cut unfertilized herbage. In generative canopies in late spring, the changes in FA concentration were related to differences in leaf blade proportion ( P < 0.001; r 2 = 0.64). In contrast, in vegetative canopies the changes in FA concentration were associated with seasonal changes in solar radiation and temperature. Overall, applying high rates of N and harvesting perennial ryegrass after short regrowth intervals resulted in higher fatty acid concentrations in herbage.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application improved fatty acid concentration and profile.
- Taxon
- Perennial Ryegrass
Lolium perennet0 - Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- FA concentration and profilee0
- Direction
- Positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive effects of N application and negative effects of extended regrowth interval on FA concentration and profile were found”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Extended regrowth interval worsened fatty acid concentration and profile.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- extended regrowth intervale0
- Outcome
- FA concentration and profilee0
- Direction
- negative effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negative effects of extended regrowth interval on FA concentration and profile were found”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fatty acids were 32 to 53% higher in spring than summer.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Outcome
- total concentration of FAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32 to 53%e0
- Comparator
- summere0
- Setting
- springe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total concentration of FA was 32 to 53% higher in spring than in summer”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fatty acids were 18 to 25% higher in autumn than summer.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Outcome
- total concentration of FAe1
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18 to 25%e0
- Comparator
- summere0
- Setting
- autumne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 to 25% higher in autumn than in summer”
e1“The total concentration of FA was 32 to 53% higher in spring than in summer”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Total FA and nitrogen concentrations were positively associated.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Compound
- Ne0
- Outcome
- concentrations of total FAe0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r 2 = 0.84e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A positive relationship ( P < 0.001; r 2 = 0.84) between concentrations of total FA and N was observed”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cut highly fertilized herbage had 30% more total FA than late cut unfertilized herbage.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- early‐cut highly fertilizede0
- Outcome
- Concentrations of total FAe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- late‐cut unfertilized herbagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of total FA and N were on average 30% higher ( P < 0.001) in early‐cut highly fertilized herbage than in late‐cut unfertilized herbage”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cut highly fertilized herbage had 30% more nitrogen than late cut unfertilized herbage.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Treatment
- early‐cut highly fertilizede0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- late‐cut unfertilized herbagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Concentrations of total FA and N were on average 30% higher ( P < 0.001) in early‐cut highly fertilized herbage than in late‐cut unfertilized herbage”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
In generative canopies, fatty acid concentration changes related to leaf blade proportion.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Organ / stage
- leaf bladee0
- Outcome
- changes in FA concentratione0
- Value
- r 2 = 0.64e0
- Qualifier
- generative canopies in late springe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In generative canopies in late spring, the changes in FA concentration were related to differences in leaf blade proportion ( P < 0.001; r 2 = 0.64)”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
Claim · model-written summary
In vegetative canopies, FA changes were associated with seasonal solar radiation and temperature.
- Taxon
- Perennial RyegrassLolium perennet0
- Outcome
- changes in FA concentratione0
- Setting
- seasonal changes in solar radiation and temperaturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vegetative canopies the changes in FA concentration were associated with seasonal changes in solar radiation and temperature”
t0“Perennial Ryegrass”
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.