Abstract
Increased consumption of vegetables or plant food has been associated with decreased risk of developing major chronic diseases, such as cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and age-related functional decline. Ramie leaves are rich in phenolics and flavonoids, which have been suggested for human health benefits. Phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, phenolic compounds, and anti-cancer properties in six species of ramie leaves were analyzed by Folin-reagent method, sodium borohydride/chloranil-based assay (SBC), HPLC method and antiproliferation, cytoxicity, respectively. Antioxidant activities were measured through peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) method, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method, and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). Research indicated that Boehmeria penduliflora contained the highest total phenolic content (2313.7±27.28 mg GAE/100 g FW), and flavonoid content (1682.4±27.70 mg CAE/100 g FW). Boehmeria tricuspis showed the highest PSC value (9574.8±117.63 µM vit. C equiv./100 g FW), while Boehmeria penduliflora indicated the highest ORAC value (330.44±16.88 µmol Trolox equiv./g FW). The antioxidant activities were correlated with phenolic contents and flavonoid contents. Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest antiproliferative capacity with the lowest EC₅₀ (4.11±0.19 mg/mL). The results for the analyzed ramie for CAA were significantly different from each other (p<0.05), Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest CAA value (133.63±7.10 µmol QE/100 g). Benzoic acid, 4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were the dominant phenolic ingredients in the ramie leaves according to HPLC analysis. Our research is the first report to study the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities in different species of ramie leaves for their health benefit.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Boehmeria penduliflora had the highest leaf phenolic content.
- Taxon
- Boehmeria penduliflora
Boehmeria penduliflorae0 - Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2313.7±27.28 mg GAE/100 g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boehmeria penduliflora contained the highest total phenolic content (2313.7±27.28 mg GAE/100 g FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boehmeria penduliflora had the highest leaf flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- Boehmeria pendulifloraBoehmeria penduliflorae0
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1682.4±27.70 mg CAE/100 g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boehmeria penduliflora contained the highest total phenolic content (2313.7±27.28 mg GAE/100 g FW), and flavonoid content (1682.4±27.70 mg CAE/100 g FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest PSC value.
- Taxon
- Boehmeria tricuspis
.jpg?width=60)
Boehmeria tricuspise0 - Outcome
- PSC valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9574.8±117.63 µM vit. C equiv./100 g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Boehmeria tricuspis showed the highest PSC value (9574.8±117.63 µM vit. C equiv./100 g FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boehmeria penduliflora had the highest ORAC value.
- Taxon
- Boehmeria pendulifloraBoehmeria penduliflorae0
- Outcome
- ORAC valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 330.44±16.88 µmol Trolox equiv./g FWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boehmeria penduliflora indicated the highest ORAC value (330.44±16.88 µmol Trolox equiv./g FW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activities correlated with phenolic and flavonoid contents.
- Compound
- phenolic contents and flavonoid contentse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitiese0
- Direction
- correlatede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant activities were correlated with phenolic contents and flavonoid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest antiproliferative capacity.
- Taxon
- Boehmeria tricuspisBoehmeria tricuspise0
- Outcome
- antiproliferative capacitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.11±0.19 mg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest antiproliferative capacity with the lowest EC₅₀ (4.11±0.19 mg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ramie species differed significantly in cellular antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- ramie
Boehmeria niveae0 - Outcome
- CAAe0
- Direction
- differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results for the analyzed ramie for CAA were significantly different from each other (p<0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest CAA value.
- Taxon
- Boehmeria tricuspisBoehmeria tricuspise0
- Outcome
- CAA valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 133.63±7.10 µmol QE/100 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Boehmeria tricuspis had the highest CAA value (133.63±7.10 µmol QE/100 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four phenolic acids were dominant ingredients in ramie leaves.
- Taxon
- ramieBoehmeria niveae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Benzoic acid, 4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acide0
- Direction
- dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzoic acid, 4-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were the dominant phenolic ingredients in the ramie leaves”