Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Understanding wheat flour noodle quality responses to N management will improve the quality of recommendations made to growers for specific end‐uses. Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates, planted during the course of a 2‐year experiment were used to determine the effect of N application rate on Chinese white noodle quality. RESULTS: Wheat flour protein content, development time (DT) and stability time (ST) increased with N application rate, maximal at 360 kg N ha −1 and decreasing thereafter. When the N fertilizer application rate changed from 0 to 270 or 360 kg N ha −1 , redness ( a *) and yellowness ( b *) of both flour and noodle increased, while brightness ( L *) decreased. The hardness and chewiness of cooked noodles improved at lower N application rate and degenerated at higher N rate. CONCLUSION: A low rate of N fertilizer application (from 0 to 270 kg N ha −1 ) improved flour quality. Flour protein content and protein quality parameters displayed a significant negative correlation with brightness ( L *) values. Generally, high flour protein content and protein quality, as well as good noodle texture, could be achieved by topdressing N fertilizer (in the range 270–360 kg N ha −1 ). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Flour protein content, development time and stability time of winter wheat increased with N application rate, maximal at 360 kg N ha-1.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- N application ratee1
- Outcome
- Wheat flour protein content, development time (DT) and stability time (ST)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- maximal at 360 kg N ha −1 and decreasing thereaftere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e1“Wheat flour protein content, development time (DT) and stability time (ST) increased with N application rate, maximal at 360 kg N ha −1 and decreasing thereafter”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising N fertilizer from 0 to 270 or 360 kg N ha-1 increased redness and yellowness of winter wheat flour and noodle.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer application ratee2
- Outcome
- redness ( a *) and yellowness ( b *) of both flour and noodlee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e2“When the N fertilizer application rate changed from 0 to 270 or 360 kg N ha −1 , redness ( a *) and yellowness ( b *) of both flour and noodle increased, while brightness ( L *) decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising N fertilizer from 0 to 270 or 360 kg N ha-1 decreased brightness of winter wheat flour and noodle.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer application ratee2
- Outcome
- brightness ( L *)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- 0e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e2“When the N fertilizer application rate changed from 0 to 270 or 360 kg N ha −1 , redness ( a *) and yellowness ( b *) of both flour and noodle increased, while brightness ( L *) decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardness and chewiness of cooked noodles improved at lower N application rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- lower N application ratee3
- Outcome
- hardness and chewiness of cooked noodlese3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- higher N ratee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e3“The hardness and chewiness of cooked noodles improved at lower N application rate and degenerated at higher N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardness and chewiness of cooked noodles degenerated at higher N application rate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- higher N ratee3
- Outcome
- hardness and chewiness of cooked noodlese3
- Direction
- degeneratede3
- Comparator
- lower N application ratee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e3“The hardness and chewiness of cooked noodles improved at lower N application rate and degenerated at higher N rate”
Claim · model-written summary
A low rate of N fertilizer application, 0 to 270 kg N ha-1, improved winter wheat flour quality.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- low rate of N fertilizer applicatione6
- Outcome
- flour qualitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Value
- 0 to 270 kg N ha −1e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e6“A low rate of N fertilizer application (from 0 to 270 kg N ha −1 ) improved flour quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Flour protein content of winter wheat was significantly negatively correlated with brightness.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- Floure4
- Outcome
- brightness ( L *) valuese4
- Direction
- negative correlatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e4“Flour protein content and protein quality parameters displayed a significant negative correlation with brightness ( L *) values”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdressing N fertilizer in the range 270-360 kg N ha-1 could achieve high flour protein content, protein quality and good noodle texture in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- topdressing N fertilizere5
- Value
- 270–360 kg N ha −1e5
- Qualifier
- high flour protein content and protein quality, as well as good noodle texturee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two winter wheat cultivars, with six N rates”
e5“high flour protein content and protein quality, as well as good noodle texture, could be achieved by topdressing N fertilizer (in the range 270–360 kg N ha −1 )”
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