Abstract
The effect of ammonium and nitrate nutrition on maize and wheat grown hydroponically and salinity stressed was assessed from measurements of growth rate and gas exchange. In both maize and wheat the ammonium-grown plains were much more sensitive to salinity toxicity than nitrate-grown plants particularly when exposed to 60-80 mM salinity. Shoot growth was retarded to a far greater extent than root growth in salinity-stressed plants of both wheat and maize with either nitrogen source. There was no significant decrease of photosynthetic rate in salinity-stressed plants of either species fed nitrate or ammonium, except in severely wilted plants of both species fed nitrate or ammonium at the highest (80 mM) salinity concentration. The same was true for stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration ratio (water use efficiency). In nitrate-fed wheat, raising the calcium concentration from 2 to 12 mM in the presence of 60 mM salinity produced an 11% increase in growth. This effect is ascribed to improved nitrate uptake due to calcium protection of the nitrate transporter and was not evident in ammonium-grown wheat. Possible reasons for the differential effects of ammonium and nitrate nutrition are discussed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium-grown maize was more sensitive to salinity toxicity than nitrate-grown maize, particularly at 60-80 mM.
- Treatment
- ammonium-growne1
- Outcome
- sensitive to salinity toxicitye1
- Direction
- more sensitivee1
- Qualifier
- 60-80 mM salinitye1
- Comparator
- nitrate-grown plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In both maize and wheat the ammonium-grown plains were much more sensitive to salinity toxicity than nitrate-grown plants particularly when exposed to 60-80 mM salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium-grown wheat was more sensitive to salinity toxicity than nitrate-grown wheat, particularly at 60-80 mM.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- ammonium-growne1
- Outcome
- sensitive to salinity toxicitye1
- Direction
- more sensitivee1
- Qualifier
- 60-80 mM salinitye1
- Comparator
- nitrate-grown plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In both maize and wheat the ammonium-grown plains were much more sensitive to salinity toxicity than nitrate-grown plants particularly when exposed to 60-80 mM salinity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity retarded shoot growth more than root growth in maize with either nitrogen source.
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede1
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe1
- Direction
- retardede1
- Qualifier
- either nitrogen sourcee1
- Comparator
- root growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Shoot growth was retarded to a far greater extent than root growth in salinity-stressed plants of both wheat and maize with either nitrogen source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity retarded shoot growth more than root growth in wheat with either nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede1
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe1
- Direction
- retardede1
- Qualifier
- either nitrogen sourcee1
- Comparator
- root growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Shoot growth was retarded to a far greater extent than root growth in salinity-stressed plants of both wheat and maize with either nitrogen source.”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic rate generally did not significantly decrease under salinity in either maize or wheat with either nitrogen source, except severe wilting at 80 mM.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- salinity-stressede1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee1
- Direction
- no significant decreasee1
- Qualifier
- except in severely wilted plants of both species fed nitrate or ammonium at the highest (80 mM) salinity concentratione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There was no significant decrease of photosynthetic rate in salinity-stressed plants of either species fed nitrate or ammonium, except in severely wilted plants of both species fed nitrate or ammonium at the highest (80 mM) salinity concentration.”
t0“maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80 mM salinity, severely wilted maize and wheat had decreased photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- 80 mM) salinity concentratione1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- severely wilted plantse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“except in severely wilted plants of both species fed nitrate or ammonium at the highest (80 mM) salinity concentration.”
e2“There was no significant decrease of photosynthetic rate in salinity-stressed plants of either species fed nitrate or ammonium”
t0“maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration ratio followed the reported photosynthetic response to salinity.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- salinity-stressede2
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration ratioe1
- Direction
- no significant decreasee2
- Qualifier
- The same was truee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The same was true for stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration ratio (water use efficiency).”
e2“There was no significant decrease of photosynthetic rate in salinity-stressed plants of either species fed nitrate or ammonium, except in severely wilted plants of both species fed nitrate or ammonium at the highest (80 mM) salinity concentration.”
t0“maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing calcium from 2 to 12 mM increased growth of nitrate-fed wheat by 11% under 60 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- raising the calcium concentration from 2 to 12 mMe1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 11%e1
- Qualifier
- 60 mM salinitye1
- Comparator
- 2 to 12 mMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In nitrate-fed wheat, raising the calcium concentration from 2 to 12 mM in the presence of 60 mM salinity produced an 11% increase in growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium growth response seen in nitrate-fed wheat was not evident in ammonium-grown wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- calciume1
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- not evidente1
- Qualifier
- ammonium-growne1
- Comparator
- nitratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This effect is ascribed to improved nitrate uptake due to calcium protection of the nitrate transporter and was not evident in ammonium-grown wheat.”
e2“raising the calcium concentration from 2 to 12 mM in the presence of 60 mM salinity produced an 11% increase in growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the calcium response to improved nitrate uptake through protection of the nitrate transporter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- calciume1
- Outcome
- improved nitrate uptakee1
- Qualifier
- protection of the nitrate transportere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“This effect is ascribed to improved nitrate uptake due to calcium protection of the nitrate transporter”
t0“wheat”
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See all 377 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.