Abstract
BACKGROUND: . RESULTS: We found that alkaline salt stress suppressed more pronouncedly the photosynthesis and growth of maize plants than salinity stress. Under alkaline salt stress conditions, metal ions formed massive precipitates, which ultimately reduced plant nutrient availability. On the other hand, high neutral salt stress induced metabolic changes in the direction of gluconeogenesis leading to the enhanced formation of sugars as a reaction contributing to the mitigation of osmotic stress. Thus, the active synthesis of sugars in shoots was essential to the development of salt tolerance. However, the alkaline salt stress conditions characterized by elevated pH values suppressed substantially the levels of photosynthesis, N metabolism, glycolysis, and the production of sugars and amino acids. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the presence of different defensive mechanisms responsible for the plant responses to neutral salt and alkaline salt stresses. In addition, the increased concentration of organic acids and enhanced metabolic energy might be potential major factors that can contribute to the maintenance intracellular ion balance in maize plants and counteract the negative effects of high pH under alkaline salt stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline salt stress suppressed maize photosynthesis more strongly than salinity stress.
- Treatment
- alkaline salt stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- suppressed more pronouncedlye0
- Comparator
- salinity stresse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline salt stress suppressed more pronouncedly the photosynthesis and growth of maize plants than salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline salt stress suppressed maize growth more strongly than salinity stress.
- Treatment
- alkaline salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressed more pronouncedlye0
- Comparator
- salinity stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline salt stress suppressed more pronouncedly the photosynthesis and growth of maize plants than salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under alkaline salt stress, metal ion precipitates reduced plant nutrient availability.
- Treatment
- alkaline salt stresse0
- Outcome
- plant nutrient availabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- metal ions formed massive precipitatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under alkaline salt stress conditions, metal ions formed massive precipitates, which ultimately reduced plant nutrient availability”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High neutral salt stress induced metabolic changes toward gluconeogenesis.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high neutral salt stress induced metabolic changes in the direction of gluconeogenesis”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High neutral salt stress enhanced sugar formation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high neutral salt stress induced metabolic changes in the direction of gluconeogenesis leading to the enhanced formation of sugars”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Active sugar synthesis in shoots contributed to salt tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the active synthesis of sugars in shoots was essential to the development of salt tolerance”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline salt stress suppressed photosynthesis, N metabolism and glycolysis.
- Treatment
- alkaline salt stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis, N metabolism, glycolysise0
- Direction
- suppressed substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline salt stress conditions characterized by elevated pH values suppressed substantially the levels of photosynthesis, N metabolism, glycolysis, and the production of sugars and amino acids”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkaline salt stress suppressed production of sugars and amino acids.
- Treatment
- alkaline salt stresse0
- Outcome
- production of sugars and amino acidse0
- Direction
- suppressed substantiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alkaline salt stress conditions characterized by elevated pH values suppressed substantially the levels of photosynthesis, N metabolism, glycolysis, and the production of sugars and amino acids”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased organic acids and metabolic energy may help maintain intracellular ion balance under alkaline salt stress.
- Outcome
- maintenance intracellular ion balancee0
- Qualifier
- increased concentration of organic acids and enhanced metabolic energye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increased concentration of organic acids and enhanced metabolic energy might be potential major factors that can contribute to the maintenance intracellular ion balance in maize plants and counteract the negative effects of high pH under alkaline salt stress”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.