Abstract
Summary The defective kernel mutation empty pericarp2‐R ( emp2‐R ) causes retardation and subsequent abortion of maize kernel development. Analyses of genetic aneuploid kernels indicate that the embryo phenotype is not dependent on the endosperm genotype; the mutation conditions embryo defects even in the presence of a normal endosperm. Embryos reach an abnormal coleoptilar stage before aborting and disintegrating. The mutants form primary embryonic organs only; the scutellum and coleoptile develop, but no leaves are formed. Immunohisto‐localization studies utilized KNOX homeodomain proteins as markers of meristem formation and identity. These analyses indicate that the shoot meristem forms in emp2‐R mutant embryos, but does not mature to a tunica‐corpus shape. No evidence of leaf founder cell initialization was revealed in the mutant meristems. These data indicate that the emp2 gene may be required for embryogenic patterning beyond the coleoptilar stage of development.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
emp2-R mutation retarded and aborted kernel development.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The defective kernel mutation empty pericarp2‐R ( emp2‐R ) causes retardation and subsequent abortion of maize kernel development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryo defects persisted despite normal endosperm.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutation conditions embryo defects even in the presence of a normal endosperm.”
t0“maize gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant embryos reached an abnormal coleoptilar stage before aborting.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embryos reach an abnormal coleoptilar stage before aborting and disintegrating.”
t0“maize gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutants formed scutellum and coleoptile but no leaves.
- Outcome
- scutellum and coleoptile develop, but no leaves are formede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mutants form primary embryonic organs only; the scutellum and coleoptile develop, but no leaves are formed.”
t0“maize gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot meristem formed but failed to mature to a tunica-corpus shape.
- Gene
- emp2‐Re0
- Outcome
- shoot meristem forms in emp2‐R mutant embryos, but does not mature to a tunica‐corpus shapee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the shoot meristem forms in emp2‐R mutant embryos, but does not mature to a tunica‐corpus shape.”
t0“maize gene”
Claim · model-written summary
No leaf founder cell initiation was seen in mutant meristems.
- Outcome
- leaf founder cell initializatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No evidence of leaf founder cell initialization was revealed in the mutant meristems.”
t0“maize gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer emp2 is required for patterning beyond the coleoptilar stage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the emp2 gene may be required for embryogenic patterning beyond the coleoptilar stage of development.”
t0“maize gene”