Abstract
Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) is the alternate host of the wheat stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, under natural conditions in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Barberry was recently shown to be infected by basidiospores of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, under controlled conditions, but it is unclear if barberry plays any role in stripe rust epidemics under natural conditions. Aecial samples of Puccinia spp. collected from barberry plants in the Pacific Northwest from 2010 to 2013 were characterized to species by inoculation on wheat plants under controlled conditions and by molecular markers and sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Inoculation of wheat plants with bulked aecia-bearing barberry samples resulted in most P. graminis f. sp. tritici uredia and some P. striiformis f. sp. tritici uredinia. Virulence tests demonstrated that the P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were sexually produced, whereas the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates were clonal based on both virulence and simple sequence repeat marker tests, indicating urediniospores from wheat fields landing on barberry leaves as the possible source of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici inoculum. A method for simultaneously testing individual aecia for identifying of P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici by pathogenicity and ITS markers. Using the method together with ITS sequencing, tested individual aecia were mostly P. graminis f. sp. tritici and occasionally some other formae speciales of P. graminis, but not P. striiformis. The results imply that barberry is essential for stem rust epidemics, but not for stripe rust under the natural conditions in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Bulked aecia-bearing barberry samples inoculated onto wheat produced mostly P. graminis f. sp. tritici uredia.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Interactor
- P. graminis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- P. graminis f. sp. tritici urediae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of wheat plants with bulked aecia-bearing barberry samples resulted in most P. graminis f. sp. tritici uredia”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulked aecia-bearing barberry samples inoculated onto wheat produced some P. striiformis f. sp. tritici uredinia.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Outcome
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici urediniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of wheat plants with bulked aecia-bearing barberry samples resulted in most P. graminis f. sp. tritici uredia and some P. striiformis f. sp. tritici uredinia.”
Claim · model-written summary
Virulence tests indicated P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were sexually produced.
- Taxon
- Barberryt0
- Interactor
- P. graminis f. sp. triticiPuccinia graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were sexually producede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virulence tests demonstrated that the P. graminis f. sp. tritici isolates were sexually produced”
t0“Barberry”
Claim · model-written summary
P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates were clonal based on virulence and marker tests.
- Taxon
- Barberryt0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis f. sp. triticiPuccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates were clonale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates were clonal based on both virulence and simple sequence repeat marker tests”
t0“Barberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual aecia were mostly P. graminis f. sp. tritici.
- Taxon
- Barberryt0
- Interactor
- P. graminis f. sp. triticiPuccinia graminis f. sp. triticie0pathogen
- Outcome
- tested individual aecia were mostly P. graminis f. sp. triticie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested individual aecia were mostly P. graminis f. sp. tritici”
t0“Barberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual aecia occasionally contained other P. graminis formae speciales.
- Taxon
- Barberryt0
- Interactor
- P. graminisPuccinia graminise0pathogen
- Outcome
- some other formae speciales of P. graminise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“occasionally some other formae speciales of P. graminis”
t0“Barberry”
Claim · model-written summary
No tested individual aecia were P. striiformis.
- Taxon
- Barberryt0
- Interactor
- P. striiformis
Puccinia striiformise0pathogen - Outcome
- not P. striiformise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tested individual aecia were mostly P. graminis f. sp. tritici and occasionally some other formae speciales of P. graminis, but not P. striiformis.”
t0“Barberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer barberry is essential for stem rust epidemics in the Pacific Northwest.
Verbatim
e0“barberry is essential for stem rust epidemics, but not for stripe rust under the natural conditions in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer barberry is not essential for stripe rust epidemics in the Pacific Northwest.
Verbatim
e0“barberry is essential for stem rust epidemics, but not for stripe rust under the natural conditions in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.”