Abstract
Arisaema dracontium (green dragon) is a perennial herb that is widely distributed in eastern North America. However, in Canada, at the northern edge of its distribution, the species is designated as "vulnerable" with respect to conservation status. In natural populations, seedlings are uncommon; the present study was undertaken in order to characterize seed and seedling properties in green dragon. Seeds were sampled from five sites, ranging from Ontario at the northern limit of the distribution range, to Louisiana in the south. Seed germinability ranged from 25 to 55%, depending upon source. Experiments indicated that neither the hard seed coat nor a water-soluble exudate from the seed was responsible for inducing or maintaining dormancy. Patterns of seed germination appear to reflect general climatic conditions at the sites where seeds had originated. Cold stratification at 3°C produced significantly greater relative germinability in all seed collections except the most southerly one, from Baton Rouge. These seeds also had a slower overall speed of germination. In contrast, germination of seeds from the most northerly site was promoted by cold stratification and occurred over a relatively brief period. Germination in alternating light and dark conditions decreased the speed of germination compared to germination in the dark, however exposure to light changed the phenology of germination by promoting development of adventitious roots and primary leaves in these seedlings.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germinability of green dragon ranged from 25 to 55% depending on seed source.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontium
Arisaema dracontiumt0 - Outcome
- Seed germinabilitye0
- Value
- 25 to 55%e0
- Qualifier
- depending upon sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germinability ranged from 25 to 55%, depending upon source”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither the hard seed coat nor a water-soluble seed exudate was responsible for inducing or maintaining dormancy.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Outcome
- dormancye0
- Qualifier
- neither the hard seed coat nor a water-soluble exudate from the seed was responsiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither the hard seed coat nor a water-soluble exudate from the seed was responsible for inducing or maintaining dormancy”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination patterns appear to reflect the general climatic conditions at the sites of seed origin.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Outcome
- Patterns of seed germinatione0
- Setting
- general climatic conditions at the sites where seeds had originatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Patterns of seed germination appear to reflect general climatic conditions at the sites where seeds had originated”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stratification at 3°C significantly increased relative germinability in all seed collections except the most southerly one from Baton Rouge.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Treatment
- Cold stratification at 3°Ce0
- Outcome
- relative germinabilitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- except the most southerly one, from Baton Rougee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cold stratification at 3°C produced significantly greater relative germinability in all seed collections except the most southerly one, from Baton Rouge”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
The seeds from the southerly collection had a slower overall speed of germination.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Outcome
- speed of germinatione0
- Direction
- slowere0
- Qualifier
- These seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These seeds also had a slower overall speed of germination”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of seeds from the most northerly site was promoted by cold stratification and occurred over a relatively brief period.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Treatment
- cold stratificatione0
- Outcome
- germination of seeds from the most northerly sitee0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Qualifier
- occurred over a relatively brief periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination of seeds from the most northerly site was promoted by cold stratification and occurred over a relatively brief period”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination in alternating light and dark decreased the speed of germination compared with germination in the dark.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Treatment
- Germination in alternating light and dark conditionse0
- Outcome
- speed of germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- germination in the darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination in alternating light and dark conditions decreased the speed of germination compared to germination in the dark”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to light changed the phenology of germination by promoting development of adventitious roots and primary leaves in the seedlings.
- Taxon
- Arisaema dracontiumArisaema dracontiumt0
- Treatment
- exposure to lighte0
- Outcome
- development of adventitious roots and primary leavese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exposure to light changed the phenology of germination by promoting development of adventitious roots and primary leaves in these seedlings”
t0“Arisaema dracontium”