Abstract
Flowering process governs seed set and thus affects agricultural productivity. Soybean, a major legume crop, requires short-day photoperiod conditions for flowering. While leaf-derived signal(s) are essential for the photoperiod-induced floral initiation process at the shoot apical meristem, molecular events associated with early floral transition stages in either leaves or shoot apical meristems are not well understood. To provide novel insights into the molecular basis of floral initiation, RNA-Seq was used to characterize the soybean transcriptome of leaf and micro-dissected shoot apical meristem at different time points after short-day treatment. Shoot apical meristem expressed a higher number of transcripts in comparison to that of leaf highlighting greater diversity and abundance of transcripts expressed in the shoot apical meristem. A total of 2951 shoot apical meristem and 13,609 leaf sequences with significant profile changes during the time course examined were identified. Most changes in mRNA level occurred after 1short-day treatment. Transcripts involved in mediating responses to stimulus including hormones or in various metabolic processes represent the top enriched GO functional category for the SAM and leaf dataset, respectively. Transcripts associated with protein degradation were also significantly changing in leaf and SAM implicating their involvement in triggering the developmental switch. RNA-Seq analysis of shoot apical meristem and leaf from soybean undergoing floral transition reveal major reprogramming events in leaves and the SAM that point toward hormones gibberellins (GA) and cytokinin as key regulators in the production of systemic flowering signal(s) in leaves. These hormones may form part of the systemic signals in addition to the established florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Further, evidence is emerging that the conversion of shoot apical meristem to inflorescence meristem is linked with the interplay of auxin, cytokinin and GA creating a low cytokinin and high GA environment.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot apical meristem expressed more transcripts than leaf.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Organ / stage
- Shoot apical meristeme0
- Outcome
- number of transcriptse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot apical meristem expressed a higher number of transcripts in comparison to that of leaf”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified 2951 shoot apical meristem sequences with significant profile changes.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- shoot apical meristeme0
- Outcome
- sequences with significant profile changese0
- Value
- 2951e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 2951 shoot apical meristem and 13,609 leaf sequences with significant profile changes during the time course examined were identified.”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified 13,609 leaf sequences with significant profile changes.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- sequences with significant profile changese0
- Value
- 13,609e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 2951 shoot apical meristem and 13,609 leaf sequences with significant profile changes during the time course examined were identified.”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Most mRNA level changes occurred after one short-day treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 1short-day treatmente0
- Outcome
- changes in mRNA levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most changes in mRNA level occurred after 1short-day treatment.”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Stimulus response transcripts were the top enriched GO category in shoot apical meristem.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- SAMe0
- Outcome
- Transcripts involved in mediating responses to stimuluse0
- Direction
- top enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcripts involved in mediating responses to stimulus including hormones or in various metabolic processes represent the top enriched GO functional category for the SAM and leaf dataset, respectively.”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic process transcripts were the top enriched GO category in leaf.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Outcome
- various metabolic processese0
- Direction
- top enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcripts involved in mediating responses to stimulus including hormones or in various metabolic processes represent the top enriched GO functional category for the SAM and leaf dataset, respectively.”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein degradation transcripts changed significantly in leaf and shoot apical meristem.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaf and SAMe0
- Outcome
- Transcripts associated with protein degradatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcripts associated with protein degradation were also significantly changing in leaf and SAM”
e1“Soybean, a major legume crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and shoot apical meristem underwent major transcriptional reprogramming during floral transition.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- shoot apical meristem and leafe0
- Outcome
- major reprogramming eventse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RNA-Seq analysis of shoot apical meristem and leaf from soybean undergoing floral transition reveal major reprogramming events in leaves and the SAM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors point to gibberellins and cytokinin as key regulators of systemic flowering signal production in leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Compound
- gibberellins (GA) and cytokinine0
- Outcome
- production of systemic flowering signal(s)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“point toward hormones gibberellins (GA) and cytokinin as key regulators in the production of systemic flowering signal(s) in leaves”
e1“soybean undergoing floral transition”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that auxin, cytokinin and GA interplay is linked to conversion of shoot apical meristem to inflorescence meristem.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- shoot apical meristeme0
- Compound
- auxin, cytokinin and GAe0
- Outcome
- conversion of shoot apical meristem to inflorescence meristeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conversion of shoot apical meristem to inflorescence meristem is linked with the interplay of auxin, cytokinin and GA creating a low cytokinin and high GA environment”
e1“soybean undergoing floral transition”